Bukatun ƙira, Matsayin Tsarin da La'akarin Injiniya

Ana amfani da gine-ginen firam ɗin ƙarfe mai haske a cikin tarurrukan masana'antu, ɗakunan ajiya, cibiyoyin dabaru, gine-ginen aikin gona, da wuraren kasuwanci saboda tsarinsu mara nauyi, shigarwa cikin sauri, ingantaccen farashi, da kyakkyawan aikin girgizar ƙasa.

Gine-ginen firam ɗin ƙarfe na yau da kullun ya ƙunshi manyan abubuwan haɗin ginin da suka haɗa da ginshiƙan ƙarfe ƙwanƙwasa, ƙwanƙolin rafters, katako na ƙarfe, tsarin takalmin gyaran kafa, kayan ɗamara, ginshiƙan bango, da tsarin suturar ƙarfe. Tsarin tsari mai kyau yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da aminci, dorewa, da aiki na dogon lokaci.

1. Siffofin Tsari da Bukatun Girma

Gine-ginen firam ɗin bakin ƙarfe mai haske gabaɗaya suna ɗauka:

• Tsarin labari guda ɗaya

• Shimfidu guda ɗaya ko tazara

• Tsarin gangara biyu, gangara ɗaya, ko ƙirar rufin mai gangara mai yawa

Tudun rufin da aka saba bai wuce 10° ba, kuma tsarin rufin yawanci yana amfani da zanen ƙarfe da aka siffanta shi ko ginshiƙan ƙarfe.

Ma'auni Na Musamman

Tsawon Gine-gine:

• Tsawon tsayi na gama gari: 9m-36m

• Manyan tsaunuka na iya kaiwa kusan 72m dangane da buƙatun aikin

Tsawon Ginin:

• Yawanci ≤12m

• Matsakaicin tsayin da aka ba da shawarar: 18m

Tazarar Rumbun:
Tazarar shafi gama gari:

• 6m ku

• 7.5m ku

• 9m ku

Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Harshen Portal

Frames Portal guda ɗaya

• Zurfin Haunch kusa da ginshiƙi: kusan L/30

• Tsawon Haunch: 15% -25% na tsawon tsawon

• Zurfin rafter na tsakiya: kusan L/50-L/60

• Matsakaicin zurfin-zuwa-nisa na yanar gizo gabaɗaya ana sarrafa shi a cikin iyakoki masu ma'ana

Frames Portal da yawa

• Zurfin ginshiƙi na tsakiya: kusan L/25

• Tsawon Haunch: kusan L/45–L/55

Don ingancin sufuri, matsakaicin tsayin membobin karfe ɗaya yawanci ana sarrafa su a cikin 12m.

2. Tsare-tsaren Tsare-tsare na Ƙarfe na Ƙarfe Mai Haske

Gine-ginen firam ɗin ƙarfe na ƙarfe mai haske sun fi dacewa da:

Aikace-aikacen Crane

Ana nema don:

• Krane mai haske da matsakaicin aiki (aji A1-A5)

• Gada cranes tare da dagawa iya aiki ≤20 ton

• Rataye cranes ≤3 ton

Tare da matakan injiniya na musamman, ana iya la'akari da cranes har ton 5.

Iyakokin Muhalli

Ba a ba da shawarar tsarin firam ɗin tashar ba gabaɗaya don mahalli masu:

• Kafofin watsa labaru masu ƙarfi masu lalata

• Matsanancin yanayin lalata masana'antu

Don gine-ginen ƙarfe na benaye da yawa inda saman bene ya ɗauki sifofin firam ɗin portal, gabaɗayan nazarin tsarin da ƙirar girgizar ƙasa ya kamata a aiwatar bisa ga ƙa'idodi masu dacewa.

3. Abubuwan Buƙatun Ƙira na Seismic

Saboda halayensu masu nauyi da ƙanƙantar ƙanƙara, gine-ginen firam ɗin ƙorafi yawanci suna nuna kyakkyawan aikin girgizar ƙasa.

Koyaya, ƙirar girgizar ƙasa yakamata yayi la'akari da:

• Gina tazara-zuwa-tsawo

• Crane lodi

• Ƙarfin girgizar ƙasa

• Bukatun taurin tsari

Maɓallin Ƙa'idodin Ƙira na Ƙarƙashin Ƙira

• Ya kamata a yi nazarin firam ɗin masu jujjuyawa da tsayin daka daban.

• Hanyar ƙarfin ƙarfi na ƙasa ana ba da shawarar sosai don lissafin girgizar ƙasa.

• Matsakaicin damping tsarin gabaɗaya ana ɗaukarsa azaman 0.05.

• Ya kamata manyan sifofi masu tsayi suyi la'akari da tasirin girgizar ƙasa a tsaye.

Lokacin da seismic mataki ke sarrafa ƙira, ya kamata a ɗauki ƙarin matakan:

• Ƙara amincin haɗin gwiwa

• Yi amfani da haɗin haɗin gwiwa inda zai yiwu

• Ƙarfafa wuraren da ke kusa da haɗin gwiwar ginshiƙi

• Inganta haɗin takalmin gyaran kafa

• Tabbatar da kusoshi na anga sun hadu da tashin hankali da buƙatun yanke

4. Abubuwan Bukatun Karfe

Ya kamata a yi amfani da manyan abubuwan ɗaukar kaya gabaɗaya:

• Q235B karfe ko mafi girma-sa karfe

• Q345B karfe ko mafi girma-sa karfe

Membobi na biyu a ƙarƙashin madaidaicin lodi na iya amfani da ƙarfe Q345A inda aka ba da izini.

Don haɗin gine-gine:

• Ya kamata maƙallan ƙarfi masu ƙarfi su ɗauki haɗin nau'in gogayya.

• Nau'in nau'in juzu'i mai ƙarfi ba safai ake ba da shawarar sifofin firam ɗin tashar ba.

5. Rufin Live Load Bukatun

An daidaita madaidaicin ƙimar kaya mai rai na rufin:

• Daidaitaccen nauyin rayuwa mai rufi: 0.5 kN / m²

• Don wuraren lodi da suka wuce 60m²: 0.3 kN/m² ana iya ɗauka

Ana la'akari da ƙimar kaya daban-daban bisa ga yankin rufin da buƙatun tsarin.

6. La'akari da Load da iska

Layin iska muhimmin abu ne don ginin ƙarfe mai haske.

Zane ya kamata yayi la'akari:

• Tsayin gini

• Yanayin shingen gini

• Rarraba karfin iska

• Rufin da bango tsotsa effects

Ya kamata lissafin lodin iska ya bambanta tsakanin:

• Gine-ginen da aka rufe cikakke

• Gine-gine da aka rufe da wani bangare

• Bude gine-gine

Don tsarin purlins da cladding, tasirin tsotsawar iska na gida, musamman a kusurwoyi da gefuna, yakamata a sami kulawa ta musamman.

7. Abubuwan Bukatun Tsaurin Tsari

Bukatun sarrafa nakasa sun haɗa da:

Babban Matsala

Iyakoki na yau da kullun:

• Gine-gine ba tare da cranes ba ta amfani da bangon bango masu nauyi:

• Kusan H/60

• Gine-gine tare da cranes gada:

• Ana buƙatar ƙarin kulawar ƙaura

Rafter Deflection

Don firam ɗin mashigai guda ɗaya:

• Juyawar Rafter yakamata ya dace da buƙatun sabis na tsari.

• Gine-ginen da ke da fadin da ya wuce 30m ya kamata suyi la'akari da tsarin ginin.

Canje-canjen gangaren rufin da ke haifar da nakasawa bai kamata ya wuce kashi ɗaya bisa uku na gangaren rufin da aka ƙera ba.

8. Abubuwan Bukatun Tsarin gyaran takalmin gyaran kafa

Tsarin takalmin gyaran kafa yana tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali gabaɗaya da taurin tsayi.

Bukatun gama gari

Round Karfe Bracing

Ana amfani da kawai don gine-gine ba tare da cranes ba.

Bukatun:

• Ya kamata a ƙayyade diamita ta hanyar lissafi.

• Matsakaicin diamita bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da 10mm ba.

• Ana buƙatar ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwa daidai.

Gine-gine tare da Cranes

• Cranes ≥5 ton:

• Yi amfani da tsarin takalmin gyaran kafa na karfe.

• Cranes> 15 ton:

• Samar da takalmin gyaran kafa na tsaye.

• Inganta ƙwanƙolin katako na crane a gefe.

Gabaɗaya ana sarrafa tazarar takalmin gyaran kafa a cikin:

30m-45m

kuma yakamata ya daidaita tare da madaidaicin takalmin gyaran kafa.

9. Zane-zanen Memba na Portal Frame

Babban ƙa'idodin ƙira:

• Ana ɗaukar hanyar ƙirar roba.

• Ba a la'akari da ƙirar filastik gabaɗaya.

• Slenderness na yanar gizo da ma'auni na nisa-zuwa kauri dole ne su hadu da iyakokin ƙira.

• Ana amfani da membobi masu canji-bangaren don haɓaka nauyi.

Muhimman abubuwan ƙira:

• Kwanciyar jirgin sama na ginshiƙai

• kwanciyar hankali a wajen jirgin

• Ingantacciyar faɗin gidan yanar gizo

• Ƙarfin juzu'i bayan buckling

• Tasirin ginshiƙan ginshiƙai ko tsattsauran ra'ayi

Don gine-gine marasa crane:

• Tushen ginshiƙi gabaɗaya sun rataye.

Don gine-gine masu cranes na sama:

• Ana amfani da sansanonin ginshiƙai masu ƙarfi.

10. Purlin Design Bukatun

Nau'in purlin gama gari:

• Siffar C mai sanyi mai sanyi

• Sanyi mai siffar Z mai siffa

• welded H-section purlins

Dole ne Purlins suyi la'akari:

• Yawan nauyi

• Ƙarfin tsotsawar iska

• Rufin panel hulda

• Yanayin hani na gefe

Ci gaba da tsarin Z-purlin na iya inganta ingantaccen tsari ta hanyar haɗin kai.

11. Sag Rod da Knee Brace Design

Ƙunƙarar takalmin gwiwa sune mahimman abubuwan kwanciyar hankali da ake amfani da su don:

• Rage tsayin ƙugiya na gefe na matsi na flanges

• Haɓaka kwanciyar hankalin firam ɗin portal

Bukatun shigarwa:

• An shirya musamman a wuraren da ake matsawa flange

• Da ake buƙata kusa da haɗin kan ginshiƙi

• Ya kamata tazara ya gamsar da buƙatun kwanciyar hankali

Idan ba za a iya shigar da takalmin gyaran gwiwa ba, ya kamata a samar da wasu matakan ƙarfafawa.

12. Anchor Bolt da Column Base Design

Ya kamata a yi la'akari da ƙirar tushen ginshiƙi:

• Ƙarfin ɗagawa

• Ƙarfin ƙarfi na kwance

• Ƙarfin takalmin gyaran kafa

Bukatun gama gari:

• Makullin anka bai kamata ya zama kawai bangaren da ke tsayayya da juzu'i a kwance ba.

• Ana iya buƙatar maɓallai mai ƙarfi don manyan rundunonin kwance.

• Tushen faranti ya kamata ya samar da abin dogaro mai ɗaukar nauyi.

13. Ƙarshen Plate Bolted Connection Design

Ana amfani da haɗin haɗin farantin ƙarshen ƙarfi mai ƙarfi saboda:

• Saurin shigarwa

• Amintaccen aiki

• Sauƙin sufuri

Abubuwan ƙira:

• Dole ne a yi amfani da kusoshi masu ƙarfi.

• Ya kamata a ƙididdige kauri na ƙarshen farantin kuma gabaɗaya ba ƙasa da 16mm ba.

• Dole ne a sarrafa ingancin buƙatun walda.

14. Bukatun Shigarwa

Lokacin gini:

Shigar da Tsarin Karfe

• Shigar da tsarin takalmin gyaran kafa cikin lokaci.

• Bi daidai tsarin tsagewar.

• Bayar da tallafi na ɗan lokaci idan ya cancanta.

• Yi amfani da igiyoyin iska don kwanciyar hankali na ɗan lokaci.

Shigar da Tushen Rumbun

• Shigar da kwayoyi masu daidaitawa a ƙarƙashin kusoshi na anga.

• Yi gyare-gyaren daidaitawa kafin grouting na biyu.

• Samar da ramukan grouting a cikin faranti.

Shigar da Rufe Karfe

Bukatun:

• Yi amfani da ingantaccen abin rufewa.

• Shawarar sealant: butyl roba tef.

• Matsakaicin tazara tsakanin fale-falen fale-falen da na biyu bai kamata ya wuce 300mm ba.

• Ƙarfafa gyare-gyare a gefuna na rufin da sasanninta saboda haɓakar iska mai girma.

Kammalawa

Gine-ginen firam ɗin ƙarfe na ƙarfe na ƙarfe yana ba da ingantaccen bayani don ginin masana'antu na zamani. Ta hanyar ingantacciyar ƙirar tsari, tsarin haɗin abin dogara, zaɓin kayan da ya dace, da ingantaccen kulawar shigarwa, sifofin ƙarfe na portal na iya samun kyakkyawan aiki dangane da aminci, karko, saurin gini, da ƙimar farashi.

ZSJH Karfe Group yana ba da mafita na ƙayyadaddun ƙaƙƙarfan ginin ƙarfe na gini, gami da ƙirar tsari, ƙirar ƙarfe, dubawa mai inganci, da sabis na isar da kayayyaki na duniya don shagunan masana'antu, wuraren tarurruka, cibiyoyin dabaru, da gine-ginen ƙarfe na kasuwanci.