I-welding deformation iyinkinga evamile ekwenziweni kwensimbi yesakhiwo kanye nokwakhiwa kwensimbi . Ukuguqulwa okweqile kungathinta ukunemba kwe-dimensional yezingxenye zensimbi, kudala ubunzima phakathi nokuhlanganiswa nokufakwa, futhi kunciphise ukusebenza okuphelele kwesakhiwo sensimbi esiqediwe.

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-welding deformation ingase futhi yethule izikhathi zokugoba ezengeziwe, ukucindezeleka kwesibili, nezinkinga zokuqondanisa. Ngakho-ke, ukulawulwa okuphumelelayo kokuhlanekezela kwe-welding kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi, ukwakhiwa, nokuphathwa kwekhwalithi.

Kungani Kwenziwa Ukuguqulwa Kwe-Welding?

Ngesikhathi sokushisela, insimbi ezungeze i-weld iyashiswa ngokushesha bese ipholisa ngokungalingani. Lokhu kunwetshwa kwe-thermal nokuncipha kokungalingani kungabangela:

• I-deformation ye-angular

• Ukuncipha kwe-longitudinal

• Ukuncipha okuphambene

• Ukugoba i-deformation

• Ukusonta

• Ukubopha kwasendaweni

• Ukuchezuka kwe-dimensional sekukonke

Inani le-deformation lincike ezintweni ezifana nobukhulu bepuleti, usayizi we-weld, okokufaka ukushisa, idizayini ehlanganyelwe, ukulandelana kokushisela, izimo zokuzibamba, kanye nezakhiwo ezibonakalayo.

Izindlela Zokulawula Ukuguqulwa Kwe-Welding

1. Yehlisa I-Weld Cross-Section

Uma ikhwalithi yokushisela kanye nezidingo zamandla esakhiwo zisenganeliseka, i-engeli ye-groove negebe lempande kufanele kugcinwe kuncane ngokusemandleni.

Ukunciphisa inani le-weld metal efakiwe kusiza ukunciphisa okokufaka kokushisa kanye nokuncipha kokushisela.

2. Lawula Okokufaka Kokushisa Kwe-Welding

Ezinsimbi ezifanele ezinamandla okukhiqiza ngaphansi cishe kuka-345 MPa kanye nokuqina okuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa, okokufaka okushisa okudlulele kufanele kugwenywe.

Lapho kuvunyelwa inqubo yokushisela, ukushisa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kanye ne-interpass kufanele kulawulwe ngokufanelekile.

Izinqubo zokushisela okokufaka okushisa okuphansi, njenge- CO₂ gas-shielded welding , zingasiza ekunciphiseni ukuguqulwa kokushisa.

Yonke imingcele yokushisela kufanele ihambisane nezinqubo zokushisela ezigunyaziwe kanye namazinga asebenzayo wephrojekthi.

3. Sebenzisa i-Multi-Pass Welding kumapuleti aminyene

Kumapuleti ensimbi aminyene, i-multi-pass welding ngokuvamile ikhethwa kunokufaka i-weld enkulu ngephasi eyodwa.

I-Multi-pass welding inikeza ukulawula okungcono kokusabalalisa ukushisa futhi kusiza ukunciphisa ukuwohloka kwendawo okweqile.

4. Sebenzisa Ukushisela Kwesikhashana Lapho Kuvunyelwe

Kuma-longitudinal stiffener nama-transverse stiffener, ukushisela ngezikhathi ezithile kunganciphisa inani eliphelele lensimbi yokushisela nokokufaka ukushisa lapho kuvunyelwa izidingo zedizayini yesakhiwo.

Kodwa-ke, ukushisela okuqhubekayo kufanele kusetshenziswe lapho kudingwa khona ngezibalo zesakhiwo, izidingo zokukhathala, izidingo zokubekwa uphawu, noma imininingwane yephrojekthi.

5. Faka i-Symmetrical Welding

Uma izinhlangothi zombili zejoyinti zifinyeleleka, kufanele kucatshangelwe i-groove enezinhlangothi ezimbili ezilinganayo.

Ukuze uthole ama-multi-pass welding, ama-welds kufanele afakwe ngokulinganayo eduze kwe-axis engathathi hlangothi yengxenye noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka.

Lokhu kusiza ukulinganisa ukuncipha kwe-welding futhi kunciphise ukuhlanekezela kwe-angular.

6. Lungiselela i-T-Joint Welding

Kumajoyinti e-T aminyene noma amajoyinti e-cruciform, ama-groove weld angase afaneleke kakhulu kunamashisela amakhulu avamile.

Uma iklanywe kahle, i-groove welding inganciphisa ivolumu yensimbi edingekayo ngenkathi igcina amandla adingekayo ahlangene.

7. Sebenzisa Pre-Deformation Ngaphambi Welding

Ukusetha ngaphambilini noma ukuhlehla kwe-deformation kungasungulwa ngaphambi kokushisela ukuze kunxeshezelwe ukuhlanekezela kwe-angular okulindelekile.

Ngemva kokushisela nokupholisa, ingxenye ingabuyela eduze kwejometri edingekayo.

Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziselwa imishayo yensimbi, izigaba ze-H, amapuleti, nezinye izinto ezakhiwe.

8. Vumela i-Welding Shrinkage

Izibonelelo ezinobukhulu zingafakwa ngesikhathi sokwenziwa ukuze kunxeshezelwe ukuncipha okulindelekile kwe-longitudinal nokuvundlayo.

Isibonelo, izigaba ze-H ezenziwe zakhiwe zingase zidinge ubude obengeziwe ukuze kunxeshezelwe ukushwabana kwe-longitudinal weld.

Isibonelelo sangempela kufanele sinqunywe ngokusho:

• Ubukhulu bengxenye

• Ukujiya kwepuleti

• Usayizi we-weld

• Inqubo yokushisela

• Ukucushwa okuhlangene

• Umuzwa wokwenziwa

• Izinqubo zokushisela ezigunyaziwe

Kunokuthembela enanini eligxilile elilodwa, izibonelelo zokuncipha kufanele ziqinisekiswe ngokuvumelana nezimo zangempela zokukhiqiza.

9. Ukuthuthukisa Ukucaba Kwezinto kanye Nokunemba Komhlangano

Emalungwini ensimbi amade, ukusonteka ngokuvamile kungancishiswa ngokuthuthukisa ukucaba kwamapuleti ensimbi kanye nokunemba kokuhlanganiswa kwengxenye.

Izici ezibalulekile zifaka:

• Ama-engeli e-groove anembile

• Izikhala zezimpande ezingaguquki

• Ukuqondanisa kwamalungu okulungile

• Ukuma kwe-weld ngendlela efanele

• I-electrode enembile noma isiqondiso sethoshi yokushisela

• Imingcele ye-welding engaguquki

Ukugcina izimo zokushisela umfaniswano kuyo yonke ingxenye kusiza ukunciphisa ukungalingani kwe-longitudinal kanye ne-angular deformation.

10. Nciphisa Ukushisela Okungadingekile

Ngesikhathi sokuklama kwesakhiwo, ukushisela okungadingekile kufanele kugwenywe noma nini lapho kungenzeka.

Izingxenye zensimbi ezigoqiwe, izingxenye ezakhiwe, noma amaphrofayili ajwayelekile angasetshenziswa esikhundleni semihlangano eshiselwe kakhulu lapho kufanele khona.

Ukunciphisa inombolo nosayizi wama-welds kungasiza:

• Yehlisa okokufaka ukushisa kwe-welding

• Nciphisa deformation

• Yehlisa isikhathi sokukhiqiza

• Izindleko zokulungisa eziphansi

• Thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza

11. Lungiselela Indawo yokushisela

Amashisela kufanele abekwe eduze ngangokunokwenzeka ku-eksisi emaphakathi noma umugqa omaphakathi wesigaba.

Izakhiwo ze-Symmetrical weld zinganciphisa ukugoba okubangelwa ukushwabana okungenakulinganisela.

Ukugxilisa i-weld kufanele futhi kugwenywe ngoba ama-welds asondelene angadala ukunqwabelana kokushisa okudlulele kanye nokuhlanekezela kwendawo.

12. Sebenzisa Ukulandelana Okufanelekile Kwe-Welding

Ezingxenyeni ezinama-welds amaningi, ukulandelana okufanele kwe-welding kubalulekile.

Ngokuya ngokwakhiwa kwengxenye, izindlela ezifanele zingabandakanya:

• I-Symmetrical welding

• I-back-step welding

• Yeqa ukushisela

• Ingxenye yokushisela

• Ukushisela kusuka enkabeni kuya emikhawulweni yomibili

Ukulandelana okuhlelwe kahle kusiza ukusabalalisa ukushisa ngokulinganayo futhi kuvimbele ukuguga ekuqongeleleni ohlangothini olulodwa.

Ukulawulwa Kokuguqulwa Kokushisela Ekukhiqizeni

Yehlisa Inani Lokushisela

Idizayini yesakhiwo kufanele inciphise ukuxhuma okungadingekile okushiselwe.

Lapho kusebenza khona, izingxenye ezigoqiwe noma izakhi zensimbi ezakhiwe zingangena esikhundleni sezingxenye ezishiselwe, zinciphise inani lezinsimbi eziqinile namajoyinti ashiselwe.

Lokhu kunganciphisa kakhulu kokubili i-welding deformation kanye nomsebenzi wokuqondisa olandelayo.

Khetha Izimo Ze-Weld Nosayizi Abafanelekile

Ngamajoyinti ezinqenqema zepuleti eliwugqinsi, i- X-groove joint ingase idinge insimbi ye-weld efakwe kancane kune-V-groove evamile.

Ukunciphisa ivolumu yensimbi ye-weld kusiza ukunciphisa:

• Okokufaka kokushisa kwe-welding

• Ukuncipha okuphambene

• I-deformation ye-angular

• Ingcindezi eyinsalela

Kumajoyinti e-T angadingi ukushisela okukhulu ukuze kuqine isakhiwo, usayizi omncane osebenzayo we-fillet weld kufanele ukhethwe ngokuya ngezidingo ezisebenzayo zokuklama.

Lapho izimo zesakhiwo zivuma, ukushisela ngezikhawu kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuwohloka.

Lungiselela Idizayini Yesakhiwo

Ukuguqulwa kwe-welding kufanele kucatshangelwe ngesikhathi sesiteji sokuklama kwesakhiwo hhayi kuphela ngesikhathi sokwenziwa.

Okwezakhiwo zepuleti lensimbi elincanyana, ukujiya kwepuleti elifanele, isikhala sokuqina, nosayizi wokushisela kufanele kukhethwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina kwesakhiwo nokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwamagagasi.

Ukucushwa kwesakhiwo okulula nokujwayelekile kuvamise ukuba lula ukwenziwa nokulawula kunejiyometri eshicilele eyinkimbinkimbi ngokungadingekile.

Ukulawula Ukuncipha Okuguquguqukayo kanye Nobude Obude

Ezakhiweni eziningi ezishiselwe, ukuncipha okuphambene kungase kubaluleke kakhulu kunokuncipha kwe-longitudinal.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuma kwe-weld nendawo kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokucophelela ngesikhathi sokuklama.

Lapho kungenzeka, ama-welds kufanele:

• Ihlelwe ngokulinganayo

• Yiba seduze nendawo emaphakathi yesigaba

• Gwema ukugxilisa ingqondo ngokweqile

• Yiba ngokuqondisa ukuze unciphise ukuwohloka ezindaweni ezibucayi

Lezi zinyathelo zisiza ukunciphisa ukugoba, ukusonteka, nokuchezuka kobukhulu ngemva kokushisela.

Ukulungiswa Kwe-Welding Deformation

Ngisho nangezinyathelo zokulawula ezifanele, ukuguga okuthile kusengenzeka.

Izindlela zokulungisa ezijwayelekile zifaka:

• Ukuqondisa ngomshini

• Ukuqondisa ukushisa okulawulwayo

• Cindezela ukulungisa

• Ukuqondisa ilangabi lapho kuvunyelwe khona

• Ukulungiswa kwendawo

Umsebenzi wokulungisa kufanele wenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze ugweme ukulimaza insimbi, ukwethula imifantu, noma kuthinte kabi izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo.

Isiphetho

Ukulawulwa kwe-welding deformation okusebenzayo kudinga ukusebenzisana phakathi komklamo wesakhiwo, ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokushisela, ukwakhiwa, ukuhlanganisa, ukulandelana kokushisela, nokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi..

Indlela ephumelela kakhulu ukuvimbela ukuwohloka ngokweqile ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokushisela kunokuncika kakhulu ekulungiseni ngemva kokwenziwa.

Ngokulawula usayizi wokushisela, okokufaka ukushisa, idizayini ehlanganyelwe, ukulandelana kokushisela, ukunemba komhlangano, nemvume yokuncipha, abakhi bensimbi bangafinyelela ukunemba okuphezulu kobukhulu, ukusebenza kahle kokufaka, nokusebenza kwesakhiwo okuthembeke kakhulu.