Ekwenziweni kwensimbi yesakhiwo, ikhwalithi yokushisela ithinta ngqo amandla, ukuqina, nokuphepha kwesakhiwo sokugcina. Ezingxenyeni ezibucayi zesakhiwo, izinsimbi ze-alloy, amapuleti ensimbi aminyene, kanye namajoyinti avikelwe kakhulu ashiselwe, ukushisa okufanele ngaphambi kokushisela kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa kwe-post-weld (PWHT) kungadlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni ukuqhekeka, ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka okusele, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza okuphelele kwamajoyinti ashiselwe.

1. Kungani Ukushisa Kwangaphambi Kokushisa Kubalulekile Ngaphambi Kokushisela?

Ukushisa kuqala kubhekisela ekushiseni isisekelo sensimbi ezungeze indawo yokushisela ukuze sibe nezinga lokushisa elithile ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukushisela. Izinga lokushisa langaphambi kokushisa elidingekayo lincike ezintweni ezifana nebanga lensimbi, okulingana nekhabhoni, ukushuba kwezinto, izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushisela, ukuvimbela ngokuhlanganyela, inqubo yokushisela, kanye nezinga lokushisa elizungezile.

Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-preheating zihlanganisa:

Yehlisa Ingozi Yokuqhekeka Okubangelwa I-Hydrogen

Ukushisa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kunciphisa izinga lokupholisa le-weld kanye nendawo ethinteke ukushisa (HAZ). Lokhu kunikeza i-hydrogen ehlakazekayo isikhathi esengeziwe sokuphuma ejoyintini elishiselwe futhi kunciphisa ukwakheka kwezakhiwo ezincane eziqinile, eziphukayo.

Ngenxa yalokho, ingozi yokuqhekeka kwe-hydrogen-induced kanye nokuqhekeka okubandayo ingancishiswa kakhulu.

Nciphisa Welding Residual Stress

Ngesikhathi sokushisela, insimbi eseduze ne-weld iyashiswa ngokushesha kuyilapho izinto ezizungezile zihlala zipholile. Lo mehluko wezinga lokushisa udala ama-gradient ashisayo, ukuwohloka, nokucindezeleka okusalayo.

Ukushisa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi okulungile kunciphisa umehluko wokushisa phakathi kwendawo yokushisela kanye nensimbi ezungezile, okuvumela ijoyinti elishiselwe ukuthi liphole kancane kancane futhi ngokufanayo.

Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ingcindezi yokushisela futhi kunciphisa amathuba okuqhekeka nokuhlanekezela.

Yehlisa Imithelela Yokubamba Ngokuhlanganyela

Amajoyinti ashiselwe avinjelwe kakhulu asengozini yokuqhekeka ngoba ukushwabana ngesikhathi sokupholisa ngeke kwenzeke ngokukhululeka.

Ukushisa kuqala kunganciphisa ukuqina kokufinyela okushisayo futhi kubaluleke kakhulu kumapuleti awugqinsi, amalunga ayinkimbinkimbi, noxhumo oluvinjelwe kakhulu.

Ezimweni eziningi, ukwandisa izinga lokushisa lokushisa elifanele kungasiza ekunciphiseni amathuba okuqhekeka kwe-weld.

2. Kufanele Kunqunywe Kanjani Izinga Lokushisa Ngaphambi Kokuqala?

Ukukhethwa kwamazinga okushisa okushisa angaphambi kwesikhathi naphakathi kwe-interpass akufanele kusekelwe ekugqileni kwempahla kuphela.

Kufanele kubhekwe izici eziningana, okuhlanganisa:

• Ibanga lensimbi kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali

• Okulingana nekhabhoni

• Ukujiya kwepuleti

• Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushisela

• Inqubo yokushisela

• Ukucushwa okuhlangene

• Ukuzithiba kwesakhiwo

• Izinga lokushisa le-ambient

• Okokufaka kokushisa

• Amakhodi okushisela asebenzayo kanye nezici zephrojekthi

Ukushisa okufanayo kubalulekile ngokufanayo.

Izinga lokushisa langaphambi kokushisa kufanele lifane ngokufanelekile ngobuningi bensimbi kanye nendawo yokushisela. Ukushisa okungalingani kungase kudale ingcindezi eyengeziwe yokushisa kunokukunciphisa.

Ukushisa kwasendaweni, indawo eshisayo kufanele inwebe ngokwanele ngaphesheya kwezinhlangothi zombili ze-weld ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa okuzinzile nokufana okufanayo.

Ububanzi obuqondile bokushisisa nezinga lokushisa kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kulandele ukucaciswa kwenqubo yokushisela esebenzayo ( WPS ), izimfuneko zobunjiniyela, kanye namazinga okushisela afanelekile.

3. Kungani Kubalulekile Ukwelashwa Kokushisa Kwangemva Kwe-Weld?

Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwe-post-weld kwenziwa ngemuva kokushisela ukulawula ukucindezeleka okusalayo, ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-hydrogen, nokuthuthukisa i-microstructure kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zamalunga ashiselwe.

Ngokuya ngebanga lensimbi, ukujiya, izimo zesevisi, kanye nokucaciswa kokushisela, ukwelashwa kokushisa kwangemva kokushisela kungase kunikeze izinzuzo ezimbalwa.

Ukususwa kweHydrojeni

Ngemva kokushisela, i-hydrogen ehlakazekayo ingase ihlale endaweni yensimbi eshiselayo kanye nendawo ethinteke ukushisa.

Ezinsimbi ezithile kanye namajoyinti ashiselwe abalulekile, ukwelashwa okulawulwayo kokukhishwa kwe-hydrogen okushisa okuphansi kungase kusetshenziswe ngemva nje kokushisela.

Ukushisisa ijoyinti elishiselwe isikhathi esithile kungasheshisa ukusakazeka nokukhululwa kwe-hydrogen, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ingozi yokulibaziseka kokuqhekeka kwe-hydrogen.

Izinga lokushisa langempela kanye nesikhathi sokubamba kufanele kunqunywe ngokwezinga lensimbi, inqubo yokushisela, ukujiya okuhlangene, namazinga asebenzayo.

Ukuncishiswa Kwengcindezi Yokushisela Okusele

Ukushisela kubangela ukushisisa nokupholisa kwendawo. Ngenxa yokuthi ingxenye eshiselwe ivinjelwa izinto ezizungezile kanye nejometri ehlangene, izingcindezi ezisele zihlala esakhiweni ngemva kokushisela.

Ukucindezelwa kwensalela ngokweqile kungaba nomthelela kulokhu:

• I-Welding deformation

• Ukugxilisa ingcindezi

• Ukusebenza kokukhathala okwehlisiwe

• Ukwanda kwengozi yokuqhekeka

• Ukungazinzi kwe-Dimensional

Ukwelashwa kokushisa okwehlisa ingcindezi kushisisa ingxenye eshiselwe ezingeni lokushisa elilawulwayo futhi kuyibambe isikhathi esithile, okuvumela ukucindezelwa kwangaphakathi ukuthi kusabalale kabusha futhi kukhululeke.

Ngokuya ngosayizi wengxenye kanye nezidingo zephrojekthi, ukwelashwa kokushisa kungenziwa kuyo yonke ingxenye noma endaweni eduze kwejoyinti elihlanganisiwe.

Ukwenziwa ngcono kweWeld Microstructure

Ezinye izinsimbi ze-alloy nezinsimbi eziqine kakhulu zingase zithuthukise ama-microstructures aqinile noma ama-brittle endaweni ethinteke ukushisa ngemva kokushisela.

Uma lezi zakhiwo ezincane zihlala ndawonye nokucindezelwa okuphezulu kwensalela kanye ne-hydrogen, ilunga elishiselwe lingase libe sengozini yokuqhekeka noma yokungasebenzi kahle.

Ukwelashwa okufanelekile kokushisa kungasiza ukuthuthukisa isakhiwo se-metallurgical sejoyinti elishiselwe futhi kungase kuthuthukise:

• Ukuqina

• I-Ductility

• Ukuzinza kwe-Dimensional

• Ukumelana nokuqhekeka

• Ukusebenza komshini sekukonke

4. Inqubo Yokushisa Ukushisa Okuphelele kanye Ne-Post-Weld Heat

Inqubo evamile yokulawula ikhwalithi yokushisela ingase ihlanganise:

Ukuhlonza Okubalulekile → Ukubuyekezwa Kwenqubo Yokushisela → Ukushisa Ngaphambi Kokushisa → Ukuhlola Izinga Lokushisa → Ukushisela → Ukulawula Ukushisa Kwe-Interpass → Ukuhlola I-Weld → Ukususwa Kwe-Hydrogen noma I-PWHT Lapho Kudingeka → Ukuhlola Kokugcina

Ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kufanele kuqashelwe kuyo yonke inqubo yokushisela kusetshenziswa imishini yokulinganisa efanele.

Kumaphrojekthi wesakhiwo sensimbi esibucayi, inqubo yokushisela, izinga lokushisa ngaphambi kokushisa, izinga lokushisa le-interpass, kanye nezidingo zokwelashwa kwe-post-weld kufanele kuchazwe ngokucacile ku- WPS evunyelwe kanye nemibhalo yekhwalithi yephrojekthi.

5. Ingabe Ukushisisa kanye ne-PWHT Kudingeka Kuso Sonke Isakhiwo Sensimbi?

Cha.

Akuzona zonke izakhiwo zensimbi ezishiselwe ezidinga ukushisa kwangaphambili noma ukwelashwa kokushisa kwe-post-weld.

Ukuthi lezi zinqubo ziyadingeka yini kuncike ezintweni ezifana nalezi:

• Ibanga lezinto zensimbi

• Okulingana nekhabhoni

• Ukujiya kwepuleti

• Ukubaluleka kwesakhiwo

• Ukuvinjelwa okuhlangene

• Inqubo yokushisela

• Izimo zesevisi

• Izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe ezisebenzayo

• Izidingo zobunjiniyela eziqondene nephrojekthi

Ezingxenyeni ezijwayelekile ze-carbon steel ezinezingxenye ezincanyana kanye nezithiyo ezihlangene eziphansi, ukwelashwa okushisa okubanzi kungase kungadingeki.

Kodwa-ke, kumapuleti aminyene, izinsimbi eziqinile, izinsimbi ze-alloy, amalungu athwala umthwalo obalulekile, noma amajoyinti ashiselwe kakhulu, ukulawula izinga lokushisa kuba okubaluleke kakhulu.

Isiphetho

Ukushisa kwangaphambili kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa kwe-post-weld akuzona nje izinqubo ezengeziwe zokushisela. Uma kudingwa impahla, idizayini ehlanganyelwe, inqubo yokushisela, noma ukucaciswa kobunjiniyela, ziyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokulawula ikhwalithi zokuthuthukisa ukwethembeka kwamajoyinti ashiselwe ensimbi yesakhiwo.

Ukulawula izinga lokushisa okufanele kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuqhekeka okubangelwa i-hydrogen, ukulawula amazinga okupholisa, ukunciphisa ingcindezi esele, ukunciphisa ukuhlanekezela, futhi kuthuthukise ukuqina nokusebenza kukonke kokuxhuma okuhlanganisiwe.

Kwa- ZSJH STEEL , imingcele yokushisela ilawulwa ngokuvumelana nezinqubo zokwenziwa ezigunyaziwe, imininingwane yephrojekthi, izidingo zezinto ezibonakalayo, namazinga ekhwalithi asebenzayo. Kusukela ekulungiseni izinto kanye nokushisela kuye ekuhlolweni, ekuphathweni kwendawo, nasekulethweni kokugcina, sihlinzeka ngezinsiza ezididiyelwe zokwenziwa kwensimbi kumaphrojekthi ezimboni nezentengiso emhlabeni wonke.

Ingabe ufuna umlingani onokwethenjelwa wokwenziwa kwensimbi yesakhiwo?

Sithumelele imidwebo yakho, imininingwane yobuchwepheshe, noma izidingo zephrojekthi. Ithimba lethu lobunjiniyela nelokukhiqiza lingasekela ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kwesakhiwo sensimbi, ukushisela, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi, ukupakisha, ukulethwa kwamanye amazwe, kanye nesiqondiso sokufaka.