Njengoba izinkampani zesakhiwo sensimbi zaseShayina ziqhubeka nokubamba iqhaza kumaphrojekthi ezimboni, ezentengiselwano, ingqalasizinda, kanye nokwakhiwa komphakathi emhlabeni jikelele, ukuxhumanisa amaphrojekthi kuye kwaba nzima kakhulu.

Kusukela ezikhungweni zokukhiqiza eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kuya entuthukweni enkulu yezentengiselwano eMpumalanga Ephakathi kanye nezakhiwo zezimboni kuzo zonke izimakethe ezisafufusa, ukwakhiwa kwensimbi yamazwe ngamazwe kudinga okungaphezu nje kokukhiqiza izingxenye zensimbi ezifanelekayo.

Amazinga edizayini ahlukene, izilimi, izinqubo zokwakha, amasistimu wezokuthutha, nezimo zesizinda kufanele konke kuhlanganiswe kuyo yonke iphrojekthi.

Kulapho i-Building Information Modeling (BIM) idlala khona indima ebaluleke kakhulu.

Kunokuba ibe ithuluzi lokumodela le-3D, i-BIM ingasekela ukuxhumana, ukuhlanganiswa kobunjiniyela, ukwakhiwa kwensimbi, ukuhlelwa kwezinto, isiqondiso sokufaka, kanye nokuphathwa kolwazi lwephrojekthi kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokuphila wephrojekthi.

Kumaphrojekthi wesakhiwo sensimbi yaphesheya ikakhulukazi, i-BIM isiza ukuguqula ulwazi lwezobuchwepheshe oluyinkimbinkimbi lube ukuhamba komsebenzi okubukwayo, okudidiyelwe, nokulawulekayo.

1. Kungani Amaphrojekthi Wokwakhiwa Kwensimbi Yaphesheya Eyinselele Kakhudlwana?

Uma kuqhathaniswa namaphrojekthi asekhaya, amaphrojekthi wesakhiwo sensimbi yamazwe ngamazwe ngokuvamile ahilela izinselele ezengeziwe zokuxhumanisa.

Ukuxhumana Kwemingcele

Abanikazi bephrojekthi, abaklami bezakhiwo, onjiniyela bezakhiwo, abakhi bensimbi, osonkontileka, namaqembu okufaka bangase bavele emazweni ahlukene.

Umehluko olimini, amagama asetshenziswayo, izindlela zokwakha, nokutolika kwemidwebo kungaholela kalula ekungaqondini.

Imidwebo ye-2D yomdabu ingase inganikezi ngaso sonke isikhathi ulwazi olwanele olubonakalayo lwawo wonke amaqembu ahililekile.

Imodeli enemininingwane ye-BIM ivumela ithimba lephrojekthi ukuthi libuyekeze isakhiwo ngendlela enembile futhi lisize ukunciphisa izikhala zokuxhumana.

Amazinga Okuklama Ahlukene

Amaphrojekthi ensimbi angamazwe ngamazwe angase adinge ukuthobela izimiso ezihlukene zesakhiwo, ukushisela, okokusebenza, ukuvikela umlilo, ukuvikela ukugqwala, kanye namazinga okwenziwa.

Ngokuya ngemakethe yendawo, amaphrojekthi angabandakanya amazinga afana nalawa:

• Izindinganiso ze-AISC kanye ne-AWS

• Ama-Eurocode kanye namazinga we-EN

• Amazinga aseBrithani

• Amazinga ase-Australia

• Amakhodi okwakha endawo kanye nemininingwane yephrojekthi

I-BIM inikeza indawo yedijithali edidiyelwe lapho onjiniyela bengabuyekeza imininingwane yesakhiwo futhi babuyekeze imodeli ngokuya ngezidingo eziqondene nephrojekthi.

Amaketanga Okuhlinzeka Ngebanga Elide

Amaphrojekthi amaningi wesakhiwo sensimbi phesheya alandela imodeli:

Ubunjiniyela → Ukwenziwa E-China → Thumela → Ukufakwa Kwaphesheya kwezilwandle

Amakholomu ensimbi, imishayo, ama-trusses, amasistimu okubopha, amapuleti axhumayo, amabhawodi, nezinye izingxenye kungase kuhambe izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ngaphambi kokufika endaweni yokwakha.

Ukuhlonza okunembile kwengxenye, ukupakisha, ukuthumela, ukuthulula, ukugcinwa, nokuhlelwa kokufaka kubaluleke kakhulu.

Izindleko Eziphakeme Zamaphutha Esayithi

Kumaphrojekthi wamazwe ngamazwe, ukuguqulwa kwenkambu kungabiza kakhulu.

Ipuleti loxhumano elingekho, imbobo yebhawodi engalungile, ukuchezuka kobukhulu, noma ukushayisana kokufakwa kungase kubangele ukubambezeleka okubandakanya umsebenzi owengeziwe, okokusebenza, ezokuthutha zamazwe ngamazwe, noma ukwenziwa kabusha.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuhlonza izinkinga ezingaba khona ngaphambi kokwakhiwa nokufakwa kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwephrojekthi.

2. Izicelo Ezine Ezisebenzayo ze-BIM Emiklamweni Yesakhiwo Sensimbi Yaphesheya kwezilwandle

2.1 Idizayini Nobunjiniyela: Ukubuka Ngeso Lengqondo Isakhiwo Ngaphambi Kokwenziwa

Enye yezinhlelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-BIM ukwakhiwa kwemodeli enemininingwane yesakhiwo sensimbi ye-3D.

Besebenzisa amapulatifomu afana ne -Tekla Structures , onjiniyela bangamodela izakhi zesakhiwo okuhlanganisa:

• Amakholomu ensimbi

• Imishayo yensimbi

• Izinsimbi zophahla

• Amasistimu wokubopha

• Amapuleti okuxhumana

• Izixhumanisi eziboshiwe

• Amalunga ashiselwe

• Amalungu ensimbi yesibili

Uma kuqhathaniswa nemidwebo evamile ye-2D, imodeli enezinhlangothi ezintathu ivumela onjiniyela, osonkontileka, nabanikazi bephrojekthi ukuthi baqonde kangcono lonke uhlelo lwesakhiwo.

Ukubuka Okuthuthukisiwe

Ukuhlelwa kwesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kungabuyekezwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, kusize abahlanganyeli bephrojekthi baqonde ubudlelwano phakathi kwezingxenye ngazinye.

Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi kumaphrojekthi afaka ukuxhumana okuyinkimbinkimbi, izakhiwo ezinobude obukhulu, amafreyimu ensimbi anamazinga amaningi, noma i-geometry engajwayelekile.

Ukutholwa kokungqubuzana

I-BIM ingasiza futhi ekuboneni ukungqubuzana okungaba khona phakathi kwesakhiwo sensimbi nezinye izinhlelo zokwakha, njenge:

• Ukufakwa kwe-MEP

• Ukubhobhoza

• Amathreyi ekhebula

• Amasistimu we-HVAC

• Ukwakha izinhlelo zemvilophu

• Izindonga zamakhethini

Ukuhlonza lezi zingxabano phakathi nesigaba sobunjiniyela kunganciphisa ukuguqulwa kwenkambu kamuva.

Ukuxhumana Kwezobunjiniyela Okusheshayo

Lapho izidingo zephrojekthi zishintsha, imodeli yedijithali ingabuyekezwa ukuze imidwebo efanele kanye nolwazi lwengxenye luhlale luxhumene.

Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukuxhumana phakathi konjiniyela besakhiwo, abahlinzeki bemininingwane, abaqambi, kanye nosonkontileka.

3. I-BIM Yokwenziwa Kwensimbi: Ukuguqula Imodeli Ibe Izingxenye Ezinembile

Kumaphrojekthi ensimbi wamazwe ngamazwe, ukunemba kokwenziwa kubalulekile ngoba izingxenye eziningi zenziwa ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa endaweni yokwakha.

Imodeli enemininingwane ye-BIM ingasetshenziswa njengesisekelo salokhu:

• Thenga imidwebo

• Imidwebo yomhlangano

• Imidwebo enengxenye eyodwa

• Uhlu lwezinto

• Izinhlu ze-Bolt

• Izinombolo zengxenye

• Ulwazi lokwenziwa

• I-CNC icubungula idatha

Lokhu kudala ukuxhumana okuqinile phakathi kobunjiniyela nokukhiqiza.

Ukuhlonza Ingxenye

Amaphrojekthi amakhulu ensimbi angase aqukathe izinkulungwane zezingxenye ngazinye.

Amasistimu wokubala izinombolo asuselwa ku-BIM asiza ukuhlonza ugongolo ngalunye, ikholomu, ibrace, ipuleti lokuxhuma, nokuhlanganisa ngokuya ngokuma kwayo ngqo esakhiweni.

Lokhu kunciphisa ubungozi bezingxenye ezingekho, eziyimpinda, noma ezakhiwe ngokungalungile.

Ukusekela Ukwenziwa Okuzenzakalelayo

Idatha yokwenziwa kwedijithali ekhiqizwe kumodeli ingase futhi isekele ukusika kwe-CNC, ukumba, nezinye izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezizenzakalelayo.

Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukungaguquguquki kwe-dimensional futhi kunciphisa ukufakwa kwedatha okwenziwa ngesandla okungadingekile.

Ikhodi ye-QR nokuphathwa kokulandeleka

Kumaphrojekthi afanelekile, izingxenye ezingazodwana noma amaphakheji angaphinda axhunywe kumakhodi e-QR noma amasistimu okuhlonza edijithali.

Ulwazi lungabandakanya:

• Inombolo yengxenye

• Ibanga lezinto ezibonakalayo

• Ubukhulu

• Isisindo

• Ireferensi yomdwebo

• Indawo yokufaka

• Isimo sokukhiqiza

• Ulwazi lokupakisha

Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukulandelela izingxenye kusukela ekwenziweni nasekuhlolweni ngokupakisha, ukuthumela, ukuthulula, nokufaka.

4. I-BIM Yokufakwa Kwamazwe Aphesheya: Yakha Ngokwedijithali Ngaphambi Kokwakha Esizeni

Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu ze-BIM ekwakhiweni kwamazwe ngamazwe yikhono lokubuyekeza inqubo yokufaka ngaphambi kokuba izingxenye zensimbi zifike esizeni.

Ukuhlelwa Kokulandelana Kokufakwa

Ithimba lephrojekthi lingasebenzisa imodeli ukufunda ukulandelana kokufaka:

• Amakholomu ensimbi

• Imishayo eyinhloko

• Imishayo yesibili

• Izinsimbi zophahla

• Ukuqinisa

• Amapulatifomu

• Izitebhisi

• Insimbi yesibili

Ngezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi noma ezibanzi, ukulingiswa kokumiswa kungasiza ithimba lephrojekthi ukuthi lihlole ukufinyelela kwemishini, ukuzinza kwesikhashana, ukuma kwe-crane, kanye nokulandelana kokufakwa.

Isiqondiso Sokufaka Esibonakalayo

Emaqenjini okwakha ezizwe ngezizwe, ukuxhumana okubukwayo kwesinye isikhathi kungaba yimpumelelo kunemiyalo ende ebhaliwe.

Imodeli ye-3D inganikeza osonkontileka basendaweni namaqembu abafaka ukuqonda okucacile koku:

• Izindawo zengxenye

• Izindlela zokuxhumana

• Ukulandelana komhlangano

• Izikhundla ze-Bolt

• Ubudlelwano besakhiwo

Lokhu kungaba usizo ikakhulukazi uma amaqembu okufaka nonjiniyela bokwakha bengabelani ngolimi olufanayo.

Ukunciphisa Ukusebenza Kabusha

Ngokubuyekeza ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukufaka ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, ithimba lephrojekthi lingakwazi ukuhlonza izinkinga ezingaba khona kuyilapho ukulungisa kusalula ukukusebenzisa.

Kumaphrojekthi aphesheya kwezilwandle, ukuvimbela iphutha elilodwa elikhulu lokwenziwa noma ukufakwa kungonga isikhathi nezindleko ezinkulu.

5. I-BIM kanye Nokuphathwa Kweshejuli Yephrojekthi

I-BIM ingabuye ixhunywe namashejuli wephrojekthi ukusekela ukuhlela ukwakhiwa.

Uma ulwazi lwemodeli ye-3D luxhunywe nedatha yephrojekthi ehlobene nesikhathi, ithimba lingakwazi ukubona ngeso lengqondo ukulandelana kokwakha okulindelekile futhi liqhathanise inqubekelaphambili ehleliwe nenqubekelaphambili yangempela.

Isibonelo, abaphathi bephrojekthi bangalandela:

Ukwenziwa → Ukuhlola → Ukupakisha → Ukuthumela → Ukufika → Ukufaka

Lokhu kunikeza umbono ocacile wesimo sephrojekthi futhi kusiza amaqembu ahlukene axhumanise imisebenzi ngempumelelo kakhudlwana.

Kumaphrojekthi esakhiwo sensimbi ahilela ezokuthutha zamazwe ngamazwe, leli zinga lokubonakala liwusizo ikakhulukazi ngoba amashejuli okwenziwa, amashejuli emikhumbi, ukuvunyelwa kwempahla, ukuthulula, kanye nemisebenzi yokufaka ixhumene eduze.

6. I-BIM Yokupakisha, Ukuthumela, kanye Nezokuthutha Zaphesheya kwezilwandle

I-Logistics ingenye ingxenye ebalulekile yemiklamo yesakhiwo sensimbi yamazwe ngamazwe.

Amalungu ensimbi akumele akhiqizwe ngendlela efanele kuphela kodwa aphinde apakishwe futhi alayishwe ngokuya ngohlelo lokwakha noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka.

Idatha ye-BIM ingasekela ukuhlelwa kwezinto ngokunikeza ulwazi mayelana:

• Ubukhulu bengxenye

• Isisindo sengxenye

• Ubuningi

• Amaqembu okupakisha

• Izindawo zokufaka

• Ukuthumela amaqoqo

Ngokuhlela okufanele, izingxenye zensimbi ezidingeka ngaphambili ngesikhathi sokufakwa zingahlelwa ngamaqoqo afanele okuthumela, kuncishiswe ukuphatha okungadingekile endaweni oya kuyo.

Lokhu kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukuhlelwa kwesayithi nokusebenza kahle kokufaka.

7. I-BIM Njengerekhodi Ledijithali Lawo Wonke Umjikelezo Wokuphila Kwephrojekthi

I-BIM ayilahleki ngempela inani layo uma ukwakhiwa sekuqediwe.

Imodeli ephethwe kahle ingasebenza njengerekhodi ledijithali eliqukethe ulwazi olubalulekile oluvela ezigabeni zokuklama, zokwenziwa, nezokwakha.

Ngokuya ngezidingo zephrojekthi, imodeli ingaqukatha ulwazi mayelana:

• Amalungu esakhiwo

• Izinto zokwakha

• Imininingwane yokuxhumana

• Imidwebo yokwenziwa

• Amarekhodi okuhlola

• Izikhundla zokufaka

• Ulwazi lwezisetshenziswa

• Izidingo zesondlo

Ukuze uthole ukunakekelwa okuzayo, ukulungiswa kabusha, noma ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo, lolu lwazi lunganikeza abanikazi bezakhiwo nabaphathi bezakhiwo ireferensi ehleleke kakhulu kunokuthembela kuphela emidwebeni yamaphepha ehlukene.

8. I-BIM Ayisona Isixazululo Esizimele

Nakuba i-BIM inikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-BIM ngokwayo ayiqinisekisi iphrojekthi yesakhiwo sensimbi ephumelelayo.

Ukusebenza kwayo kuncike ekutheni ihlanganiswe kahle kangakanani nobunjiniyela bangempela nezinqubo zokukhiqiza.

Utshalomali Lokuqala

Ukuqaliswa kwe-BIM kudinga isofthiwe efanelekile, abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe, isikhathi sokumodela, nokugeleza komsebenzi kwangaphakathi.

Kumaphrojekthi amancane kakhulu noma alula, izinga lokumodela kufanele likhethwe ngokwezidingo zangempela zephrojekthi.

Ubuchwepheshe

Ithimba le-BIM lensimbi eliphumelelayo lidinga okungaphezu kwamakhono esofthiwe.

Onjiniyela nabachaza imininingwane kufanele futhi baqonde:

• Ubunjiniyela besakhiwo sensimbi

• Imininingwane yokuxhumana

• Izinqubo zokwenziwa

• Izidingo zokushisela

• Izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe

• Ukulinganiselwa kwezokuthutha

• Izindlela zokwakha

Imodeli elungile ngokobuchwepheshe ihlale ibaluleke kakhulu kunemodeli ekhangayo ngaphandle kolwazi olwanele lobunjiniyela.

Ukuxhumana Phakathi Kweminyango

I-BIM isebenza kahle kakhulu lapho ubunjiniyela, ukukhiqiza, ukulawula ikhwalithi, ukuhlelwa kwempahla, namaqembu okufaka kusebenzisa ulwazi oluhlanganisiwe.

Uma imodeli ye-BIM ihlukanisiwe nokuhamba komsebenzi kwangempela kokukhiqiza nokuphathwa kwephrojekthi, iningi lenani layo elingaba namandla liyalahleka.

9. Kusukela ekumodeleni kwe-3D kuya ku-Integrated Steel Structure Project Management

Kumaphrojekthi esimanje esakhiwo sensimbi samazwe ngamazwe, i-BIM kancane kancane ishintsha isuka ethuluzini lokuklama ibe yingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokulethwa kwephrojekthi iyonke.

Ukugeleza komsebenzi okudidiyelwe kakhudlwana kungaxhuma:

Ukumodela kwe-BIM → Ubunjiniyela → Imidwebo Yesitolo → Ukwenziwa Kwensimbi → Ukulawula Ikhwalithi → Ukupakisha → Thumela → Isiqondiso Sokufaka

Lokhu kugeleza komsebenzi wedijithali kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukungaguquguquki kolwazi kuzo zonke izigaba ezahlukahlukene zephrojekthi.

Kumakhasimende aphesheya kwezilwandle, inani le-BIM alikona nje ukutholakala kwemodeli ye-3D.

Inani elikhulu lilele ekusebenziseni ulwazi lwedijithali ukwenza amaphrojekthi esakhiwo sensimbi anembe kakhudlwana, ahlanganiswe, alandelekeke, futhi akheke kalula..

Isiphetho

Imiklamo yesakhiwo sensimbi yamazwe ngamazwe ihilela ababambiqhaza abaningi, izindinganiso, izinqubo zokukhiqiza, izigaba zempahla, namaqembu okwakha.

I-BIM inikeza indlela engokoqobo yokuxhuma lezi zakhi ngokusebenzisa imodeli yedijithali okwabelwana ngayo.

Kusukela ekumodeleni kwesakhiwo nokutholwa kokushayisana kuya emidwebeni yokwenziwa, ukulandelela izingxenye, ukuhlela izinto, kanye nesiqondiso sokufaka, i-BIM ingasiza ekunciphiseni amaphutha okuxhumana futhi ithuthukise ukusebenzisana kuyo yonke iphrojekthi.

Kubakhiqizi besakhiwo sensimbi abasebenzela izimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe, ukuhlanganisa amakhono obunjiniyela be-BIM nokwenza, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, nokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe kungahlinzeka amakhasimende ngesisombululo esiphelele nesithembekile sokulethwa kwephrojekthi.

Kwa- ZSJH STEEL , sisekela amaphrojekthi wesakhiwo sensimbi wamazwe ngamazwe ngokuxhumanisa ubunjiniyela, ukwakhiwa okwenziwe ngokwezifiso, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi, ukupakishwa kokuthekelisa, kanye nesiqondiso sokufaka, kusiza amakhasimende ukuthi asuke ngokuphumelelayo ukusuka emidwebo ukuya ezakhiweni zensimbi eziqediwe.