Ukufakwa kwe- truss yensimbi eyinhloko kungenye yezigaba ezibaluleke kakhulu kuphrojekthi yesakhiwo sensimbi. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-trusses amakhulu ngokuvamile anobukhulu obukhulu, isisindo esikhulu, kanye nezidingo zokunemba okuphezulu kokufakwa, ukuphakanyiswa, ukumiswa, ukuqiniswa kwesikhashana, ukuqondanisa, nezinqubo zokuxhuma kufanele kuhlelwe ngokucophelela.

Ukulandelana kokufakwa okufanele kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesakhiwo, ukuphepha kokwakhiwa, nokunemba kobukhulu kuyo yonke inqubo yokumiswa kwensimbi.

1. I-Main Trus Lifting

I-truss eyinhloko ivamise ukuphakanyiswa kusetshenziswa izindawo ezimbili zokuphakamisa bese ijikeleziswa endaweni yayo yokugcina yokufaka nge-crane.

Lapho i-truss iphakanyiselwa cishe kumitha elingu-1 ngaphezu komhlaba , ingxenye kufanele ihlolwe futhi ibekwe ileveli ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuma kahle.

Ngenxa yokuthi ama-trusses amakhulu angase abe nezingxenye eziphambanayo ezinkulu, angaba sengozini yokuguqulwa noma ukungazinzi ngesikhathi sokuphakamisa nokuphenduka.

Ukunciphisa le ngozi, ukuqinisa okwesikhashana kufanele kufakwe ngaphambi kokuphakanyiswa.

Isibonelo, amapayipi ensimbi yesikhashana noma amalungu aqinisayo angafakwa eduze kwe-truss ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina kwayo konke ngesikhathi sokuphakanyiswa.

2. Ukuphakanyiswa Kwesivivinyo Ngaphambi Kokufakwa Okusemthethweni

Ukuphakamisa isilingo kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuba i-truss eyinhloko iphakanyiswe ngokusemthethweni ibekwe endaweni.

Ngesikhathi sokuphakamisa isivivinyo, i-truss ingase iqale iphakanyiswe cishe ngo- 200 mm ngaphezu komhlabathi futhi imiswe endaweni okwesikhashana.

Ithimba lokufaka kufanele lihlole:

• Ukuqina kwe-Crane

• Izimo zokuzala komhlaba

• Amaphuzu okuphakamisa

• Izintambo zocingo nezihlilingi

• Amaphuzu okuxhumana

• Ukuqiniswa kwesikhashana

• Ibhalansi ephelele ye-truss

Kuphela ngemva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izingxenye zokuphakamisa kanye nezimo ezisekelayo ziphephile uma umsebenzi wokuphakamisa osemthethweni uqala.

Izintambo zokuphepha ezengeziwe zingasetshenziswa lapho kudingeka khona ukunikeza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe ngesikhathi sokuphakanyiswa.

Ngemuva kokuthi i-truss ibekwe, ukulungiswa kokuqala kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha.

Izintambo zesikhashana zabafana, izisekelo zensimbi ye-engeli, noma ezinye izinhlelo zokuhlanganisa kufanele zifakwe ukuze kugcinwe i-truss izinzile.

3. Ukuqondanisa Kwetruss Okuyinhloko

Ngemuva kokuthi i-truss ibekwe, ukuqondanisa kwayo kufanele kuhlolwe ngokucophelela.

Izinto eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• Indawo evundlile

• Ukuphakama

• Ukuma

• Isikhundla sokusekela

Isikhundla Esivundlile

Indawo evundlile ngokuvamile ilawulwa ngesikhathi sokusekelwa kanye nokufakwa kokuthwala.

Umugqa omaphakathi we-truss kufanele uhambisane ne-eksisi yesakhiwo eklanyelwe.

Ukulungiswa kokuphakama

Ukuphakama komunye umkhawulo we-truss kungalungiswa ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-bearing.

Isiphetho esiphambene singalungiswa kusetshenziswa amafreyimu asekelayo esikhashana, amapuleti ensimbi, noma amashimu kuze kube yilapho kufinyelelwa ukuphakama kwedizayini edingekayo.

Ukulungiswa Kokuqina

Ukuma kwe-truss eyinhloko kungalungiswa kusetshenziswa izintambo zabafana noma amasistimu okuhlanganisa esikhashana.

Ukuqondanisa kufanele kuhlolwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuvinjelwe ama-trusses amaningi ukuthi anganciki ohlangothini olufanayo.

4. Ukuqiniswa Kwesikhashana Kwe-Main Truss

Ukuzinza kwesikhashana kubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-truss eyinhloko.

Ngemva kokufakwa kwe-truss yokuqala eyinhloko, izintambo zesikhashana zabafana, izinsimbi, noma ezinye izindlela zokuzinzisa kufanele zifakwe ngokushesha.

I-truss yokuqala akufanele ihlale ingasekelwe ngenkathi kwakhiwa izingxenye ezilandelayo.

Uma i-truss yesibili isimisiwe, ama-trusses esibili noma amalungu axhumayo kufanele afakwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Lawa malungu axhuma ama-trusses amabili ayinhloko futhi kancane kancane akhe uhlelo oluzinzile lwesakhiwo.

Lapho kudingwa umklamo kanye nenqubo yokwakha evunyiwe, ukuxhumana kungashiselwa noma kufakwe ibhawudi.

5. Ukufakwa Kwama-Adjacent Main Trusses

Ama-trusses amakhulu aseduze kufanele afakwe kusetshenziswa inqubo efanayo ne-truss yokuqala.

Ukulandelana okuvamile kuhlanganisa:

1. Ukuphakamisa

2. Ukuma

3. Ukulungiswa kwesikhashana

4. Ukuqondanisa

5. Ukuzinzisa

6. Ukuxhumana namalungu esakhiwo aseduze

I-truss ngayinye kufanele ihlolwe ngaphambi kokuthi izisekelo zesikhashana zisuswe.

6. Ukufakwa Kwezinqola Zesibili

Ama-trusses esibili ngokuvamile afakwa ngemva kokuba ama-trusses amabili aseduze emisiwe futhi ukuxhuma kwawo okuyinhloko sekuqediwe.

Ama-trusses esibili asiza ukuxhuma futhi azinzise uhlelo oluyinhloko lwesakhiwo.

Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, kufanele kuqashelwe:

• Ukunemba kokuxhumana

• Ukuma kwelungu

• Ukuphakama

• Isikhala

• Ikhwalithi yokushisela noma yokubhowula

• Ukuqondanisa kwesakhiwo

Amalungu esibili kufanele afakwe ngokulandelana kokumiswa okugunyaziwe ukuze kugwenywe ukuwohloka okungadingekile noma ukungazinzi.

7. Qedela Ukufakwa Kwama-Trusses Ayinhloko Nesesibili

Inqubo yokumisa iyaqhubeka ngokulandelana kuze kube yilapho sezifakiwe zonke izigxobo eziyinhloko nezesibili ngaphakathi kwendawo yokwakha emisiwe.

Ngemva kokufakwa kwamalungu esakhiwo, zonke izixhumo ezidingekayo zokushisela kanye nezishudo kufanele ziqedwe.

Ukuhlolwa okuphelele kufanele kwenziwe.

Izinto zokuhlola ngokuvamile zihlanganisa:

• Isikhundla se-truss

• Ukuphakama

• Ukuma

• Ubukhulu besakhiwo

• Ikhwalithi yokushisela

• Izixhumanisi ze-Bolt

• Izimo zokususwa kosekelo lwesikhashana

• Ukuzinza kwesakhiwo kukonke

Isistimu ye-truss yensimbi eqediwe kufanele ihambisane nemidwebo yephrojekthi, izidingo zokumiswa, namazinga onjiniyela asebenzayo.

Amaphuzu Abalulekile Okufakwa Kwe-Main Steel Truss

Ukufakwa okuphumelelayo kwe-truss yensimbi kuncike ezintweni ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:

• Ukukhetha okunembile kwendawo yokuphakamisa

• Ukuqiniswa kwesikhashana okufanele

• Ukuphakamisa isilingo ngaphambi kokumiswa okusemthethweni

• Ukubhula kwesikhashana okuthembekile

• Ukuqondanisa okunembile

• Lungisa ukulandelana kokumiswa

• Ukufakwa ngesikhathi kwamalungu esibili

• Izixhumanisi zokushisela ezifanele noma eziboshiwe

• Ukuhlola ukuphepha okuqhubekayo

• Ukuhlolwa kobukhulu bokugcina kanye nekhwalithi

Isiphetho

Ukufakwa kwe-truss yensimbi eyinhloko kudinga ukusebenzisana ngokucophelela phakathi kokuphakamisa, ukumiswa, ukuqiniswa kwesikhashana, ukuqondanisa, ukuxhuma, nokuhlolwa.

Ngezakhiwo ezinkulu zensimbi, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kunikezwe ukuzinza kwe-truss ngesikhathi sokuphakanyiswa nangaphambi kokuba uhlelo oluphelele lwesakhiwo lwakhiwe.

Ukulandelana kwe-erection ehlelwe kahle kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokufaka, ukunciphisa izingozi zokuguqulwa, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi isakhiwo sensimbi esiqediwe sihlangabezana nezindinganiso ezidingekayo zokuphepha nekhwalithi.