Ukuguqulwa kuyisici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe ekwakhiweni nasekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zesakhiwo sensimbi. Ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, ukumiswa kwesisekelo okungalingani, ukunyakaza kokuzamazama komhlaba, imithwalo yesakhiwo, nezinye izici zangaphandle kungase kubangele ukwanda, ukufinyela, ukugudluka, noma ukuqhekeka kwesakhiwo.

Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalokhu kunyakaza nokunciphisa ingozi yokulimala kwesakhiwo, ama-deformation joints aklanyelwe ezindaweni ezifanele ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo.

Kumaphrojekthi wesakhiwo sensimbi, amalunga okuguqulwa ngokuvamile ahlanganisa amalunga okunweba, amalunga okuhlalisa phansi, namajoyinti okuzamazama komhlaba . Ukuklama nokufakwa ngendlela efanele kwala majoyinti kubalulekile ekuphepheni kwesakhiwo, ukusebenza kokuvimbela amanzi, ukuqina, nokuzinza kwesakhiwo sesikhathi eside.

1. Izinhlobo zokuhlanganisa ama-Deformation ku-Steel Structures

Ukwandisa Amalunga

Amajoyinti okunweba aklanyelwe ukuthwala ukunwetshwa nokufinyezwa kwezingxenye zesakhiwo okubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa.

Izakhiwo zensimbi, ama-wall panel, izinhlelo zokufulela, nezinye izinto zokwakha zingase zikhule lapho amazinga okushisa enyuka futhi anciphe lapho amazinga okushisa ehla. Uma ukunyakaza okwanele kungavunyelwe, ukucindezeleka okwengeziwe kungase kuthuthuke ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo.

Amalunga okunweba ahlukanisa isakhiwo esikhulu sibe izingxenye zesakhiwo ezizimele ukuze ingxenye ngayinye ikwazi ukuhamba phakathi kwebanga eliklanyiwe.

Kuye ngomklamo wesakhiwo, isisekelo singase sihlale siqhubekayo ngenkathi i-superstructure, kuhlanganise nezindonga, phansi, nezinhlelo zokuphahla, zihlukaniswa.

Amalunga Okuzamazama komhlaba

Izixhumanisi zokuzamazama komhlaba zihlinzekwa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokuzamazama komhlaba kwezakhiwo.

Izakhiwo ezinkulu noma ezingajwayelekile zingasabela ngendlela ehlukile ngesikhathi sokuzamazama komhlaba. Amajoyinti azamazama komhlaba ahlukanisa isakhiwo sibe amayunithi esakhiwo amancane nazimele ngokuqhathaniswa, asize ekunciphiseni ukusebenzisana kwesakhiwo nokushayisana phakathi kwezingxenye eziseduze.

Idizayini efanele yokuzamazama komhlaba ingathuthukisa ukujwayela kwesakhiwo futhi inciphise ubungozi bokulimala kwendawo okubangelwa ukunyakaza okungahambelani ngesikhathi sezehlakalo zokuzamazama komhlaba.

Settlement Amalunga

Izindawo zokuhlala zisetshenziswa kakhulu lapho izingxenye ezahlukene zesakhiwo zingase zibe namazinga ahlukene okuhlala kwesisekelo.

Ngokuvamile ayadingeka ezimweni ezifana nalezi:

• Umehluko omkhulu ekuphakameni kwesakhiwo

• Imithwalo yesakhiwo engalingani

• Izimo zesisekelo ezihlukene

• Amandla ahlukene okuzala inhlabathi

• Ukuxhumana phakathi kwezakhiwo ezintsha nezikhona

• Izakhiwo ezinezinhlelo zesakhiwo ezihluke kakhulu

Ngokungafani namanye amalunga okunweba, amalunga okuhlala ngokuvamile ahlukanisa isakhiwo ukusuka esisekelweni kuya ophahleni , okuvumela ingxenye ngayinye ukuthi izinze ngokuzimela.

Ububanzi obuhlangene kufanele bunqunywe ngokuya ngesakhiwo sesakhiwo, izimo zesisekelo, ubude besakhiwo, ukunyakaza okulindelekile, kanye nezidingo zephrojekthi ezisebenzayo.

2. Ukwakhiwa Okuhlangene Kophahla Lophahla

Amalunga e-Roof deformation adinga ukwelashwa ngokucophelela ngoba kufanele ahambisane nokunyakaza kwesakhiwo ngenkathi egcina ukuvimbela amanzi okuthembekile.

Ukulandelana kokwakha okujwayelekile kungabandakanya:

Ukulungiswa Kokuphezulu → Isicelo Esiyinhloko → Ukugcwalisa Ngokuhlanganyela → Isendlalelo Esengeziwe Sokuvimbela Amanzi → Ukufakwa Okuyinhloko Kokuvimbela Amanzi → Ukufakwa Kwepuleti Lekhava → Ukuhlola Nokulungisa

Isinyathelo 1: Ukulungiswa kwendawo

Ngaphambi kokufakwa, i-substrate ezungeze i-deformation joint kufanele ihlanzwe kahle.

Uthuli, izinto ezixegayo, uwoyela, udoti, nokunye ukungcola kufanele kususwe. Noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka ku-substrate kufanele kulungiswe ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi wokuvimbela amanzi uqale.

Indawo ehlanzekile futhi ezinzile isiza ukuthuthukisa ukunamathela nokuqina kwesistimu yokuvimbela amanzi.

Isinyathelo sesi-2: Faka i-Primer

Ngemuva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-substrate ihlanzekile futhi yomile, sebenzisa i-primer efanelekile ngokuvumelana nezidingo zezinto zokuvimbela amanzi.

I-primer isiza ukuthuthukisa ukuhlangana phakathi kwe-membrane engangeni manzi kanye ne-substrate.

Isinyathelo sesi-3: Faka I-Joint Filling Material

Izinto zokugcwalisa eziguquguqukayo, njengamabhodi e-foam afanelekile noma izinto ezisekelayo, zingase zifakwe ngaphakathi kokuhlangana kwe-deformation.

Into ekhethiwe kufanele ivumele ukujoyina ukuthi kubambe ukunyakaza kwesakhiwo okulindelekile ngaphandle kokukhawulela ukunwetshwa noma ukufinyela.

Isinyathelo sesi-4: Faka Izendlalelo Ezengeziwe Zokuvimbela Amanzi

Izendlalelo ezengeziwe ze-membrane ezingangeni manzi kufanele zifakwe ezinhlangothini zombili nasemakhoneni okuhlanganyela kokuguquguquka.

Lezi zendlalelo zokuqinisa zisiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokuvimbela amanzi ezindaweni lapho ukunyakaza nokucindezeleka kugxilwe khona.

Isinyathelo sesi-5: Faka Uhlelo Oluyinhloko Lokuvimbela Amanzi

Ukuze uthole amalunga okuguqulwa phakathi kwezindawo eziphahleni zokuphakama okulinganayo, i-membrane engenawo amanzi kufanele iqhubeke ngokuqhubekayo endaweni ehlangene edingekayo ngenkathi igcina ukuguquguquka okwanele.

Ulwelwesi oluzungeze ilunga akufanele lunwetshwe luqine kakhulu. Isibonelelo esifanele kufanele sinikezwe ukuze ukunyakaza kwenzeke ngaphandle kokudabula izinto zokuvimbela amanzi.

Izinduku ze-backer eziguquguqukayo noma izinto zokugcwalisa ezifanayo zingase zifakwe ngaphakathi kwesihlanganisi ngaphambi kokuba kusetshenziswe ulwelwesi olwengeziwe olungangeni manzi.

Ukuze uthole amalunga e-deformation phakathi kophahla ezindaweni eziphakeme ezihlukene, ulwelwesi oluphansi lokuvikela amanzi kufanele ludlulele odongeni oluhlangene. I-membrane eyengeziwe kanye nezinto zokuvala kufanele zifakwe futhi ziboshwe ngokuphephile odongeni oluphakeme.

Ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kunikezwe ekuxhumekeni okuguquguqukayo kanye nokuvala uphawu lokuvikela amanzi.

Isinyathelo sesi-6: Faka Ikhava Ehlangene

Ingaphezulu lejoyinti le-deformation ngokuvamile livikelwa ipuleti lekhava.

Ngokuya ngomklamo wokwakha, izinto zokwakha zingabandakanya:

• Insimbi engaphekiwe

• Insimbi engagqwali

• Ingxube ye-aluminium

• Amapaneli ensimbi aboshwe

• Ezinye izinto ezigunyaziwe ezimelana nesimo sezulu

Isistimu yokumboza kufanele ivikele ilunga emanzini emvula ngenkathi isavumela ukunyakaza kwesakhiwo esidingekayo.

3. Ukwakhiwa Okuhlangene Kodonga Lwangaphandle

Amalunga odonga angaphandle kufanele anikeze amandla okunyakaza nokumelana nesimo sezulu.

Inqubo Yokwakha

1. Qinisekisa Indawo Ehlangene

Hlola i-deformation joint phakathi kwamakholomu nezindonga, ukuxhunywa odongeni kuya odongeni, ikholomu-kuya-ikholomu ukuxhumana, noma izingxenye ezahlukene zesakhiwo ngokuvumelana nemidwebo egunyaziwe.

2. Hlanza I-Joint

Susa uthuli, udoti, udaka, nezinto ezixegayo endaweni ehlangene nezindawo ezizungezile.

Indawo yokufaka ehlanzekile ibalulekile ukuze kuvikelwe izinto zokufaka izinto ezifakwayo, ama-sealant, namakhava ensimbi.

3. Faka Ukugcwalisa noma I-Insulation Material

Sika i-insulation edingekayo noma izinto zokugcwalisa eziguquguqukayo ngokusho kobukhulu obuhlangene bese uyifaka ngokuphephile ngaphakathi kwesihlanganisi.

Izinto zokugcwalisa kufanele zihlale zizinzile ngaphandle kokuvimbela ukunyakaza okuklanyelwe kwesakhiwo.

4. Maka Ulayini Wokufaka

Sebenzisa amathuluzi okulinganisa afanele nokuqondanisa ukuze umake indawo yekhava yensimbi nezingxenye zokusekela.

Ukuma okunembile kusiza ukugcina imigqa ehlangene eqondile kanye nokubukeka okungaguquki.

5. Faka Ikhava Yensimbi

Insimbi engagqwali, i-aluminium alloy, galvanized steel, noma ezinye izembozo zensimbi ezishiwo zingalungiswa ngokuya ngemidwebo yephrojekthi.

Isikhala se-fastener kufanele silandele idizayini egunyaziwe nezidingo zokufakwa.

6. Faka I-Reinforcement Mesh Lapho Kudingeka

I-reinforcement mesh ingase ifakwe ezinhlangothini zombili zejoyinti ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuxhumana nokuqedwa kodonga oluzungezile.

7. Qedela Ukuqedwa Kwezindonga

Izingxenye ezishunyekiwe zesistimu ehlangene kufanele zihlanganiswe kahle kungqimba lokuqeda udonga.

8. Hlola I-Surface Eqediwe

Ngemuva kokuthi ukumbozwa kodonga lwangaphandle noma umsebenzi wokuqeda usuqediwe, hlola ukuthi i-deformation joint isala:

• Qondile

• Bushelelezi

• Kuvalwe kahle

• Ikhululekile ekungcoleni

• Ngokubukeka kuhambisana ne-facade ezungezile

4. I-Interior Wall Deformation Joint Construction

Izihlanganisi ze-deformation zangaphakathi kufanele zinikeze ukubukeka okuhlanzekile ngenkathi zivumela izingxenye zokwakha ukuba zihambe ngokukhululekile.

Inqubo Yokufaka Enconyiwe

1. Susa yonke imfucumfucu ngaphakathi kwendawo yokulungisa ehlangene nezungezile.

2. Lungiselela ipuleti lesikhungo se-aluminium alloy, uhlaka lwesisekelo, ipuleti lekhava, neziqeshana zokulungisa ngokuya ngesistimu ehlanganyelwe edingekayo.

3. Maka indawo yokufaka ngokwemidwebo egunyaziwe.

4. Lungisa isisekelo se-aluminium kanye nepuleti elimaphakathi usebenzisa amahange afanelekile noma amabhawodi okunweba.

5. Hlola ukuqondanisa, ukuqondile, kanye nezinga eliphezulu phakathi nokufakwa.

6. Xhuma ipuleti lekhava ngokuphephile ngohlaka oluyisisekelo kanye neziqeshana zokulungisa.

7. Faka i-sealant eguquguqukayo phakathi kokuqeda udonga kanye nesembozo esihlangene lapho kudingeka khona.

8. Hlola icwecwe lekhava eliqediwe ukuze uqinisekise ukubukeka okuhlanzekile, okubushelelezi, nokufana okufanayo.

Ukuxhumana okuqinile eduze kwelunga ngokuvamile kufanele kugwenywe lapho kungase kukhawule ukunyakaza okuklanyiwe kwesakhiwo.

5. Floor Deformation Joint Construction

Amajoyinti okuguqulwa kwaphansi kufanele amelane nethrafikhi yansuku zonke nemithwalo yesevisi kuyilapho evumela ukunyakaza phakathi kwezingxenye zesakhiwo eziseduze.

Isinyathelo 1: Misa Amahange

Nquma indawo yamabhawodi okunweba noma amahange okulungisa ngokususelwe kupuleti lokulinganisa nemidwebo egunyaziwe.

Geza izimbobo ezidingekayo bese ufaka amahange ngokuphepha.

Isinyathelo sesi-2: Faka futhi uleveli i-Base Plate

Lungisa ukuphakama, ileveli evundlile, nokuqondanisa kwe-level plate ngaphambi kokulungiswa kokugcina.

Lapho kudingekile, faka izinto zokugcwalisa noma ezingashi phakathi kwelunga.

Isinyathelo sesi-3: Faka Izinto Zokuvikela Amanzi Nezokugqumisa

Isendlalelo esingaphansi esingangeni manzi kufanele sixhunywe kahle kuyo yonke indawo ehlangene edingekayo.

Izinto zokuvikela umoya ezifana noboya bamaminerali noma eminye imikhiqizo eshiwo zingafakwa ngokuya ngezidingo zephrojekthi.

Ungqimba olungaphezulu lokuvikela amanzi kufanele lugcwaliswe ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuguquguquka okwanele.

Isinyathelo sesi-4: Hlola Ukugcwalisa Okuhlangene

Hlola ukuthi i-insulation kanye nezinto zokugcwalisa zifakwe ngokulinganayo nokuthi izixhumanisi zixhumeke kahle.

Isinyathelo sesi-5: Faka I-Sliding Rail

Faka isitimela esishelelayo ngokuya ngesikhala esiklanyiwe, ukuphakama, nokuqondanisa.

Vikela umzila wesitimela epuleti lokulinganisa ngezinsimbi ezifanele.

Isinyathelo sesi-6: Faka Izingxenye Zokuslayida

Faka izingxenye ezidingekayo zokuslayida noma ukunyakaza ngaphakathi kukaloliwe bese uxhuma i-surface plate.

Lungisa lonke uhlelo ukuze ugcine izinga elidingekayo kanye nokuqondile.

Isinyathelo sesi-7: Qedela i-Floor Finish

Ngesikhathi setshe, uthayela, ukhonkolo, noma omunye umsebenzi wokuqeda phansi, vikela ilunga lokuguquguquka odakeni, uthuli, nemfucumfucu yokwakha.

Ngemva kokuqedwa kokufakwa kwephansi, faka isivalo esivumelana nezimo ezifanele ezindaweni ezihlangene ezisobala lapho kudingeka khona.

Umbala we-sealant ungakhethwa ukuze uhambisane nokuqeda phansi okuzungezile.

6. Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Yamajoyinti Okuguqulwa Kwesakhiwo Sensimbi

Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okufanele kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amalunga okuguqula asebenza ngokwethembeka kuyo yonke impilo yesevisi yesakhiwo sensimbi.

Landela Imidwebo Egunyaziwe Nezicaciso

Wonke umsebenzi ohlanganyelwe we-deformation kufanele wenziwe ngokuvumelana nemidwebo yokwakha evunyelwe, imininingwane yephrojekthi, namazinga asebenzayo.

Ukulandelana kokufaka kufanele futhi kulawulwe ngendlela efanele.

Khetha Izinto Ezifanelekayo

Izembozo ezihlangene, ulwelwesi olungangeni manzi, ama-sealant, izinto zokufakelwa, izinsimbi, nezinto ezisekelayo kufanele zihlangabezane nezidingo zephrojekthi.

Izinto ezisetshenziswayo kufanele zihambisane nezinye futhi zifanele izimo zemvelo ezilindelekile.

Qinisekisa Ukuvalwa kwamanzi Okuthembekile

Ukuxhumana phakathi kwamajoyinti okuguqulwa nokufulela, izindonga zangaphandle, phansi, nezinye izinhlelo zemvilophu yokwakha kuyizindawo ezibalulekile zokuvikela amanzi.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ngokukhethekile:

• Ukuqhubeka kolwelwesi olungangeni manzi

• Ukubekwa uphawu okuguquguqukayo

• Isibonelelo sokunyakaza okuhlangene

• Imininingwane yokuxhumana

• Ukukhipha amanzi

• Ukufakwa kwepuleti lekhava

Gcina Ukuhleleka Okufanelekile

Amapuleti ekhava ahlangene angaphandle nangaphakathi kufanele ahlolwe:

• Ukucaba

• Ukuqondanisa okuqondile

• Ukuqondile

• Ukulungisa okuvikelekile

• Ikhwalithi yobuso

Ukufakwa okuhle kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwesakhiwo kanye nokubukeka kwesakhiwo esiphelile.

Vumela Ukunyakaza Okwanele

Enye yezimiso ezibaluleke kakhulu zokwakhiwa okuhlangene kwe-deformation ukugwema ukukhawulela ukunyakaza okuklanyelwe.

Ulwelwesi olungavimbeli amanzi, ama-sealant, izingcwecwe zekhava, nezingxenye zokuxhuma kufanele kugcine ukuguquguquka okwanele ukuze kuhambisane nokunwetshwa kwesakhiwo, ukufinyela, ukuhlaliswa, noma ukugudluzwa kokuzamazama komhlaba.

Kungani Amalunga E-Deformation Abalulekile Ezakhiweni Zesakhiwo Sensimbi?

Amajoyinti aklanywe kahle futhi akhiwe asiza ukwakheka kwensimbi izakhiwo zivumelane nokunyakaza okubangelwa izimo zemvelo kanye nesakhiwo.

Bangasiza:

• Yehlisa ukuqhekeka okubangelwa ukunyakaza kwezinga lokushisa

• Ukwamukela ukuhlukaniswa okuhlukile

• Thuthukisa ukuhlukaniswa kwe-seismic phakathi kwamayunithi esakhiwo

• Vikela ukufulela kanye nezinhlelo zokuvikela amanzi odongeni

• Yehlisa ukugxila kwengcindezi

• Thuthukisa ukuqina kwemvilophu yokwakha

• Nweba impilo yesevisi yezingxenye zesakhiwo nokuqeda

• Gcina ukubukeka okuhlanzekile nokungaguquguquki kwesakhiwo

Kodwa-ke, imininingwane ehlangene ye-deformation akufanele ithathwe njengesixazululo sendawo yonke. Indawo ehlanganyelwe, ububanzi, izinto zokwakha, imininingwane yokuvimbela amanzi, nezindlela zokuxhuma kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kunqunywe ngokuya ngesakhiwo sesakhiwo, ubukhulu besakhiwo, izimo zemvelo, izimo zesisekelo, ukunyakaza okulindelekile, kanye namazinga asebenzayo wephrojekthi..

Isiphetho

Ukwakhiwa okuhlangene kwe-Deformation kuyingxenye ebalulekile yobunjiniyela besakhiwo sensimbi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-joint itholakala ophahleni, odongeni lwangaphandle, odongeni lwangaphakathi, noma phansi, izidingo ezibalulekile zihambisana: vumela ukunyakaza okudingekayo, gcina ukuvimbela amanzi okuthembekile, ukuqinisekisa ukufakwa okuphephile, nokuvikela ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwesakhiwo.

Ukuxhumana okucophelelayo phakathi komklamo wesakhiwo, idizayini yemvilophu yesakhiwo, ukukhetha kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukwakhiwa, nokufakwa kwesiza kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuqhekeka, ukuvuza, kanye nokuwohloka ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Emabhilidini esakhiwo sensimbi anobukhulu obuyinkimbinkimbi, izimo eziyisisekelo ezihlukene, ububanzi obukhulu, noma izidingo ezikhethekile zokuzamazama komhlaba, imininingwane ehlangene ye-deformation kufanele ibuyekezwe ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe bezakhiwo kanye nemvilophu yokwakha ngaphambi kokwakhiwa.