Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo sensimbi. Kusukela ekulungiseni kwangaphambi kokwakhiwa kuya emisebenzini yesisekelo, ukufakwa kwensimbi, ukuxhuma okuboshiwe, nokuhlolwa kokugcina, sonke isiteji kufanele silawulwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwesakhiwo, ukunemba kobukhulu, ukusebenza kahle kokufaka, nokuqina kwesikhathi eside.

Inqubo yokulawula ikhwalithi ehlelekile inganciphisa ngokuphawulekayo amaphutha okufaka, igweme ukuphinda isetshenziswe eqolo, futhi iqinisekise ukuthi isakhiwo sensimbi esiqediwe sihlangabezana nezicaciso zephrojekthi kanye nezindinganiso zokwakha ezisebenzayo.

1. Ukulungiselela Ngaphambi Kokwakha

Ukuphathwa kwekhwalithi okuphumelelayo kuqala ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukwakhiwa. Ukulungiselela okufanele kwezobuchwepheshe kusiza ukuhlonza izinkinga ezingaba khona kusenesikhathi futhi kunikeza isisekelo esiqinile sokwenziwa kwephrojekthi okushelelayo.

1.1 Buyekeza Imidwebo Yokwakha

Imidwebo yokwakha iyisisekelo esiyinhloko sobuchwepheshe sokwenziwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi nokumiswa.

Ngaphambi kokuthi iphrojekthi iqale, onjiniyela, abaphathi bephrojekthi, nabasebenzi bokulawula ikhwalithi kufanele babuyekeze ngokucophelela:

• Imidwebo yesakhiwo

• Imidwebo yezakhiwo

• Imidwebo yokwenziwa kwensimbi

• Imininingwane yokuxhumana

• Imininingwane yobuchwepheshe efanelekile

• Izindinganiso zokwakha ezisebenzayo

• Izidingo zobuchwepheshe eziqondene nephrojekthi

Inqubo yokubuyekeza isiza ithimba lephrojekthi ukuthi liqonde ngokugcwele inhloso yomklami futhi likhombe ukungqubuzana okungenzeka, ulwazi olushodayo, ukungqubuzana kobukhulu, noma ubunzima bokufaka ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukwakhiwa.

Noma yiluphi ulwazi olungacacile noma olungqubuzanayo kufanele luxazululwe ngaphambi kokwenziwa noma ukwakhiwa.

2. Buyekeza Uhlelo Lokufaka Isakhiwo Sensimbi

Uhlelo lokufakwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi luyidokhumenti yobuchwepheshe ebalulekile eqondisa yonke inqubo yokumiswa.

Izinga layo lithinta ngokuqondile ukuphepha kwephrojekthi, ukuqhubeka kokwakhiwa, ukunemba kokufaka, kanye nekhwalithi yokugcina yesakhiwo.

Izinto ezibalulekile okufanele zibuyekezwe zihlanganisa:

Uhlelo Lokuphatha Ikhwalithi

Usonkontileka kufanele asungule isiqiniseko sekhwalithi esiphelele kanye nesistimu yokuphatha yobuchwepheshe ehlanganisa ukwenziwa, ezokuthutha, ukumiswa, ukuhlolwa, nokwamukelwa.

Ukufaneleka Kwabasebenzi Abakhethekile

Abashicileli, abasebenzisa ama-crane, ama-rigger, abahloli, nabanye abasebenzi abakhethekile kufanele babe nokuqeqeshwa okudingekayo, iziqu, kanye nezitifiketi zokusebenza.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-New Technologies

Lapho kusetshenziswa izinto ezintsha, izindlela zokwakha, okokusebenza, noma ubuchwepheshe, ukuthi kungenzeka yini kanye nezimfuneko zobuchwepheshe kufanele kuhlolwe kusengaphambili.

Izindlela Zokufaka Eziqondene Nephrojekthi

Indlela yokwakha kufanele ithuthukiswe ngokuhambisana nobukhulu bangempela besakhiwo, uhlelo lwesakhiwo, izimo zesayithi, izidingo zokuphakamisa, kanye nesimiso sephrojekthi.

Izilinganiso Zokulawula Ikhwalithi Neshejuli

Izinqubo zokuhlola ezicacile, izindawo zokulawula ikhwalithi, izinyathelo zokulungisa, nezindlela zokuphatha inqubekelaphambili yokwakha kufanele zisungulwe.

UHlelo Lokwakha

Ukulandelana kokumiswa kanye neshejuli yokwakha kufanele kube okunengqondo futhi kuhambisane nokwakhiwa, ezokuthutha, ukulungiswa kwendawo, nokunye ukuhweba.

3. Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Ngesikhathi Sokwakhiwa Kwendawo

Ukwakhiwa kwendawo kungenye yezigaba ezibucayi kakhulu zephrojekthi yesakhiwo sensimbi.

Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kufanele kufake isisekelo, izingxenye zensimbi, ukunemba kokumiswa, ukuxhuma okuboshiwe, ukushisela, neminye imisebenzi yokufaka.

3.1 Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Yesisekelo

Izakhiwo zensimbi zivame ukusekelwa izisekelo zikakhonkolo eziqinisiwe.

Nakuba ukhonkolo, ukuqinisa, kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-formwork kulandela izinqubo ezijwayelekile zobunjiniyela bomphakathi, ukumiswa kwamabhawodi okusetshenzwa kwehange ashunyekiwe kudinga ukunakwa okukhethekile.

Ukunemba kokufakwa kwebholithi yehange kuthinta ngokuqondile ukumiswa kwekholomu yensimbi.

Izinto ezibalulekile zokuhlola zihlanganisa:

• Indawo yebholithi yehange

• Isikhala se-Bolt

• Ukuphakama kwebholidi

• Ukuma kwebhawudi

• Ibanga phakathi kwamaqembu omshudo

• Isisekelo esimaphakathi

• Ukuphakama okuphezulu kwesisekelo

Ukuchezuka ngokweqile ekumisweni kwebhawodi lehange kungase kubangele ubunzima phakathi nokufakwa kwekholomu yensimbi futhi kungase kuthinte ukuqondanisa okuphelele kwesakhiwo.

Ngakho-ke, amabhawodi okusetshenzwa kulengwa kuwo kufanele amiswe ngokunembile futhi alungiswe ngokuvikelekile ngaphambi kokubekwa kukakhonkolo.

4. Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Yesakhiwo Esiyinhloko Sensimbi

Ikhwalithi yesakhiwo sensimbi eyinhloko incike kukho kokubili ikhwalithi yokwenziwa kwezingxenye zensimbi kanye nokunemba kokwakhiwa kwendawo.

4.1 Ukuhlolwa Kwezinsimbi Zensimbi

Izingxenye eziningi zensimbi zesakhiwo zenziwa ezimbonini ezikhethekile ngaphambi kokuba zihanjiswe endaweni yokwakha.

Ngakho-ke, ukuhlola okungenayo kuyinqubo ebalulekile yokulawula ikhwalithi.

Izingxenye zensimbi kufanele zihlolwe:

• Ubukhulu bengxenye

• Ibanga lensimbi nezitifiketi zempahla

• Ikhwalithi yokushisela

• Izikhundla zembobo

• Amapuleti okuxhumana

• Ukuqondile

• Ukuguquguquka

• Ukwelashwa kwendawo

• I-anti-corrosion coating

• Ukuhlonza ingxenye

• Ukubekezelelana kokwenziwa

Izingxenye ezingahlangabezani nezidingo zephrojekthi kufanele zilungiswe noma zenqatshwe ngaphambi kokwakhiwa.

4.2 Ikholomu Yensimbi kanye Nokulawula Ukufakwa Kwe-Beam

Ngesikhathi sokumiswa kwamakholomu ensimbi nemishayo, ukunemba kokufakwa kufanele kuqashwe ngokuqhubekayo.

Izinto ezibalulekile zokuhlola zihlanganisa:

• Ukuma kwekholomu yensimbi

• Ukuma kwekholomu nokugudluzwa

• I-base plate leveling

• Ukufakwa kwepuleti elithwele noma ushimu

• Ukuphakama kwe-beam

• Beam ukuqondile

• Ukuqondanisa okuqondile kwe-Beam

• Ukugoba kwangemuva

• Ukuqondanisa isixhumanisi

• Ukuqiniswa kwebholidi

• Isimo sokungqubuzana komhlaba

Amakholomu ensimbi kufanele amiswe ngendlela efanele futhi aqiniswe okwesikhashana ngaphambi kokuthi kuqedwe ukuxhuma unomphela.

Ngemva kokuthi uhlaka lwensimbi lwakha iyunithi yesakhiwo ezinzile futhi luphumelele ukuhlolwa, igebe phakathi kwepuleti lesisekelo sekholomu yensimbi nesisekelo sikakhonkolo ngokuvamile kufanele ligcwaliswe nge-grout engashwabeki noma enye into eshiwoyo eshiwo.

Lokhu kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukudluliswa komthwalo okufanele phakathi kwekholomu yensimbi nesisekelo.

5. Ukulawula Ikhwalithi Yokuxhuma Kwe-Bolt

Izixhumanisi eziboshiwe zisetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo sensimbi.

Ngokuvamile zihlukaniswa zibe izixhumo ezijwayelekile zamabhawodi kanye noxhumo lwebhawodi olunamandla amakhulu.

5.1 Ukuxhumana Okujwayelekile Kwe-Bolt

Ngokuxhunywa okujwayelekile okuboshiwe, kufanele kuqashelwe:

• Ibanga elilungile le-bolt kanye nencazelo

• Ukufakwa kwebhawodi ngendlela efanele

• Ukuhlelwa kwewasha okulungile

• Ukuqondanisa kwezimbobo zamabholidi

• Imicu eyanele eveziwe ngemva kokuqinisa

• Isimo esidingekayo sokuqinisa

Izimbobo zamabholidi akufanele zikhuliswe ngokusika amalangabi okungalawuleki ngaphandle uma kuvunyelwe ngokuqondile ngencazelo esebenzayo.

Ngemva kokuqiniswa, ubude bomucu obanele kufanele buhlale bubonakala ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukubandakanyeka okufanele kwebhawodi.

5.2 Izixhumi zeBolt Ezinamandla Aphezulu

Uxhumo olunamabhawudi anamandla aphezulu ludinga ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile.

Ngaphambi kokufaka, abahloli kufanele baqinisekise:

• Izitifiketi zomkhiqizo

• Amadokhumenti womkhiqizi

• Ibanga le-bolt

• Ukuhlonza inqwaba

• Ukuhlolwa okudingekayo noma imibiko yokuhlola

Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, izindawo zokuthintana phakathi kwamapuleti ensimbi axhunyiwe kufanele zibe flat futhi zihlanzeke.

Izindawo zokungqubuzana kufanele zingabi nazi:

• Amafutha

• Ukungcola

• Ukugqwala okuxekethile

• Ukungcola ngopende

• I-Welding spatter

• Ezinye izinto ezithinta ukusebenza kokungqubuzana

Amabhawodi anamandla aphezulu kufanele afakwe ngokukhululeka ngezimbobo eziqondile.

Akufanele zigaywe ngesando endaweni, futhi izimbobo zamabhawodi akufanele zikhuliswe ngaphandle kwenqubo egunyaziwe.

Ukuqiniswa kwebholidi kufanele kulandele ukulandelana kokufakwa okucacisiwe kanye nezidingo ze-torque noma ukungezwani.

6. Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Ye-Welding

Ikhwalithi yokushisela ithinta ngokuqondile amandla nokuthembeka kwesakhiwo sensimbi.

Ngaphambi kokushisela, onjiniyela kufanele baqinisekise:

• Iziqu zokushisela

• Imininingwane yenqubo yokushisela

• Izinto zokushisela

• Ukulungiselela ngokuhlanganyela

• Ubukhulu be-Groove

• Ukulandelana kwe-welding

• Izidingo zokushisa kuqala lapho kufanele khona

Ngemuva kokushisela, ama-welds kufanele ahlolwe ukuze kutholakale amaphutha abonakalayo afana nalokhu:

• Imifantu

• I-Undercut

• I-Porosity

• Ukuhlanganisa okungaphelele

• Ukuqiniswa ngokweqile

• Ubukhulu be-weld obungalungile

Lapho kudingwa ukucaciswa kwephrojekthi, izindlela zokuhlola ezingalimazi njengokuhlola i-ultrasonic noma ukuhlolwa kwezinhlayiyana kazibuthe nazo zingasetshenziswa.

7. Iwindi Lensimbi kanye Nokulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Yokufakwa Komnyango

Ezakhiweni zensimbi ezihlanganisa iminyango namafasitela anefreyimu yensimbi, ukunemba kokufakwa kufanele futhi kulawulwe kahle.

Ukuhlola kufanele kufake:

• Izitifiketi zomkhiqizo

• Imibiko yokuhlolwa komkhiqizo

• Ukubonakala kobuso

• Ubukhulu bozimele

• Ukuqondanisa okuqondile nokuvundlile

• Ikhwalithi yokuxhumana

• Izikhala phakathi kozimele namalungu ensimbi asekelayo

Indlela yokufaka eyodwa ephumelelayo iwukulungisa okwesikhashana ikholomu eyodwa esekelayo kuqala, ufake futhi ulungise iwindi noma uhlaka lomnyango, bese ubeka futhi ushise ikholomu esekelayo ephambene.

Le ndlela ingasiza ukugcina igebe lokufaka elidingekayo futhi inciphise izinkinga zokuqondanisa.

8. Ukunemba Kobukhulu kanye Nokuqondanisa Kwesakhiwo

Kuwo wonke ukwakhiwa kwensimbi, umsebenzi wokuhlola nokulinganisa kufanele wenziwe njalo.

Ubukhulu obubalulekile buhlanganisa:

• Isikhala sekholomu

• Ububanzi besakhiwo

• Ubude besakhiwo

• Ukuphakama kophahla

• Ukuma kwekholomu

• Izinga le-Beam

• Indawo ye-eksisi yesakhiwo

• Ubukhulu be-diagonal

• Ukuqondanisa kohlaka sekukonke

Ukulinganisa kufanele kwenziwe esigabeni ngasinye esibalulekile kunokulinda kuze kube yilapho sonke isakhiwo senziwe.

Ukuhlonzwa kusenesikhathi kokuchezuka kwe-dimensional kwenza ukulungisa kube lula futhi kunciphisa ubungozi bamaphutha okufaka anqwabelene.

9. Ukuhlola kanye Nokwemukelwa

Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi kufanele kwenziwe kuyo yonke inqubo yokwakha isakhiwo sensimbi.

Izigaba zokuhlola ezijwayelekile zifaka:

1. Ukuhlolwa kwezinto

2. Ukuhlolwa kokwenziwa kwengxenye yensimbi

3. Ukuhlolwa kwesisekelo kanye nebhawodi lehange

4. Ukuhlolwa kwengxenye engenayo

5. Ukuhlolwa kokumiswa kwekholomu yensimbi

6. Ukuhlolwa kokufakwa kwensimbi yensimbi

7. Ukuhlolwa kokuxhumeka kwe-Bolt

8. Ukuhlolwa kokushisela

9. Ukuhlola ukuqondanisa kwesakhiwo

10. Ukuhlolwa kokwelashwa okungaphezulu

11. Ukwamukelwa kwephrojekthi yokugcina

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kufanele irekhodwe kahle futhi ibhalwe phansi.

Noma yimuphi umsebenzi ongahambelani kufanele ulungiswe futhi uhlolwe kabusha ngaphambi kokudlulela esigabeni esilandelayo.

10. Ukubaluleka Kokulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Yokwakhiwa Kwesakhiwo Sensimbi

Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yesakhiwo sensimbi okusebenzayo kudinga ukubambisana okuseduze phakathi kwabaklami, abakhi, osonkontileka, onjiniyela, abahloli, nabaphathi bephrojekthi.

Isistimu yokulawula ikhwalithi ethembekile kufanele igxile kulokhu:

• Incazelo yedizayini enembile

• Izinto ezifanelekile

• Ukwenziwa kwensimbi eqondile

• Ukuma okulungile kwebhawodi lehange

• Ukumiswa kwensimbi okunembile

• I-welding ethembekile

• Ukufakwa kwebhawodi ngendlela efanele

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-dimensional okuqhubekayo

• Amadokhumenti ekhwalithi eqinile

• Ukwamukelwa kwephrojekthi yokugcina

Ukulawula kokubili ikhwalithi yokwakha kanye nenqubekelaphambili yephrojekthi kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isakhiwo sensimbi siqedwa ngokuphepha, ngokuphumelelayo, nangokuhambisana nemininingwane edingekayo.

Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Yesakhiwo Sensimbi nge-ZSJH Steel

I-ZSJH Steel ihlinzeka ngezixazululo ezididiyelwe zesakhiwo sensimbi ezihlanganisa ukwesekwa kobunjiniyela, ukwenziwa kwensimbi, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi, ukupakishwa kokuthekelisa, ezokuthutha zamazwe ngamazwe, kanye nesiqondiso sokufaka.

Izinqubo zethu zokulawula ikhwalithi zihlanganisa zonke izigaba ezinkulu zokukhiqizwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi nokulethwa kwephrojekthi, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukuhlola impahla eluhlaza

• Ukusika nokubhoboza

• Ukushisela

• Ukuhlanganiswa kwengxenye yensimbi

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Dimensional

• Ukwelashwa kwendawo

• Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuthunyelwa

• Thumela amaphakheji

• Ukufakwa ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iphrojekthi yakho iyishabhu yezimboni, indawo yokugcina impahla, isikhungo sezokuthutha, isakhiwo sezentengiselwano, isakhiwo sensimbi esinezitezi eziningi, noma isakhiwo sensimbi esenziwe ngokwezifiso, ithimba lethu linganikeza izingxenye zensimbi nezixazululo zephrojekthi ngokuvumelana nemidwebo yakho kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe.

Izicelo Ezijwayelekile

Izixazululo zethu zesakhiwo sensimbi zingasetshenziselwa:

• Ama-workshops ensimbi yezimboni

• Izinqolobane zesakhiwo sensimbi

• Izikhungo Logistics

• Ukukhiqiza izitshalo

• Ama-hangars ezindiza

• Izakhiwo zezentengiselwano

• Izakhiwo zezolimo

• Izakhiwo zensimbi ezinezitezi eziningi

• Izakhiwo ezinkulu zensimbi

• Izakhiwo zensimbi ezakhiwe ngaphambili

Udinga Isixazululo Sesakhiwo Sensimbi?

Uma uhlela iphrojekthi yesakhiwo sensimbi, sithumele imidwebo yakho, ubukhulu, izidingo zokulayisha, indawo yephrojekthi, kanye nokucaciswa kobuchwepheshe.

I-ZSJH Steel inganikeza ukwesekwa kwedizayini eyenziwe ngokwezifiso, ukwenziwa kwensimbi, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi, ukupakishwa kokuthekelisa, ukulethwa, kanye nesiqondiso sokufakwa kwamaphrojekthi wesakhiwo sensimbi wamazwe ngamazwe.