Izakhiwo zensimbi zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezakhiweni zezimboni, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla, amabhuloho, izikhungo zezentengiselwano, amaphrojekthi wengqalasizinda, nokwakhiwa kwe-span enkulu. Izinzuzo zabo ezibalulekile zihlanganisa amandla aphezulu, umthamo omuhle kakhulu wokuthwala umthwalo, idizayini evumelana nezimo, ukufakwa okusheshayo, nempilo ende yesevisi.

Nokho, ukusebenza nokuphepha kwesakhiwo sensimbi kuncike kakhulu kwikhwalithi yokwenziwa. Kuzo zonke izigaba zokwenziwa, ukusika, ukushisela, nokuhlanganisa yizinqubo ezintathu ezibaluleke kakhulu. Noma yiliphi iphutha le-dimensional, iphutha lokushisela, noma ukuchezuka komhlangano kungase kuthinte ukunemba kwesakhiwo, ukusebenza kahle kokufaka, nokuthembeka kwesikhathi eside kwesakhiwo esiqediwe.

Lesi sihloko sichaza izinqubo ezijwayelekile zokusika isakhiwo sensimbi, ukushisela, nokuhlanganisa, ukulungiswa kwesembozo, ukusebenza, ukuhlolwa, kanye nezidingo zokulawula ikhwalithi.

1. Inqubo yokusika insimbi: Ukulungiselela Okunembile Kokwenziwa

Ukusika kungenye yezinyathelo zokuqala ezinkulu ekwenziweni kwesakhiwo sensimbi. Inhloso yawo ukusika amapuleti ensimbi, izigaba, nezinye izinto zibe izilinganiso nezimo ezidingekayo ngokwemidwebo egunyaziwe.

Ukusika okunembile kunikeza isisekelo esinokwethenjelwa sokubhoboza, i-beveling, i-welding, ukuhlanganisa, nokufakwa kokugcina.

1.1 Ukulungiselela Ngaphambi Kokusika

Ngaphambi kokuqala ukusika, zonke izinto zensimbi kufanele zihlolwe futhi ziqinisekiswe.

Ukuhlola ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa:

• Ibanga lensimbi kanye nokucaciswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo

• Ipuleti noma ukujiya kwesigaba

• Inombolo yokushisa nenombolo ye-batch

• Izitifiketi zezinto ezibonakalayo

• Isimo sobuso

• Ukunemba kobukhulu

• Ukonakala okubonakalayo noma ukulimala

Insimbi kufanele ihambisane nemidwebo yokuklama egunyaziwe, ukucaciswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, namazinga asebenzayo wephrojekthi.

Indawo engaphezulu kufanele futhi ihlolwe ukugqwala okukhulu, ukuqhekeka, ukubola, ukuwohloka, imihuzuko ejulile, noma okunye ukonakala. Ukungapheleli okuncane kwendawo kungase kulungiswe ngezindlela zokugaya ezigunyaziwe, kuyilapho izinto ezinokukhubazeka okukhulu kufanele zihlukaniswe futhi zihlolwe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.

Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuhlelwa kokusika kulungiswa ngokusho kwemidwebo eyenziwe. Imigqa yokusika, izindawo zemigodi, imigqa emaphakathi, izikhundla ze-bevel, amaphuzu okukhomba, namamaki okuhlonza ingxenye kufanele akhonjiswe ngokucacile.

Lapho ulungiselela isakhiwo sokusika, ithimba lokukhiqiza kufanele licabangele:

• Imvume yokusika

• Isibonelelo somshini

• I-Welding shrinkage

• Ukuguqulwa kwe-thermal

• Izidingo zokulungiselela unqenqema

• Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto

Ukuzalela okunembayo nokuhlelwa kwesakhiwo kunganciphisa ukumosheka kwezinto futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.

1.2 Ukukhetha Izindlela Zokusika

Indlela yokusika kufanele ikhethwe ngokuya ngebanga lensimbi, ubukhulu bepuleti, ukwakheka kwengxenye, ukunemba okudingekayo, kanye nezidingo zekhwalithi enqenqemeni.

Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokusika insimbi zihlanganisa:

I-Flame Cutting

Ukusika amalangabi kusetshenziswa kakhulu amapuleti ensimbi ye-carbon, ikakhulukazi ubukhulu obuphakathi kanye namapuleti ensimbi asindayo.

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ingcindezi yegesi, isivinini sokusika, isimo somlilo, kanye nesiqondiso sokusika kufanele sihlale sizinzile. Amapharamitha angalungile angase abangele i-slag eyeqile, imiphetho emangelengele, ama-kerfs angalingani, noma ukuwohloka kokushisa okukhulu.

Ukusika kwePlasma

Ukusika kwe-Plasma kulungele i-carbon steel, insimbi engagqwali, i-aluminium, nezinye izinsimbi ezisebenzayo. Inikeza isivinini sokusika esiphezulu futhi ingakhiqiza amaphrofayili anembile ezinhlobonhlobo zobukhulu bepuleti.

Izinhlelo ezifanele zokungenisa umoya kanye nokukhipha intuthu kufanele zisetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokusika i-plasma ukuze kuvikelwe abasebenzi futhi kugcinwe indawo yokukhiqiza ephephile.

I-Laser Cutting

Ukusika i-laser kuvame ukukhethelwa amapuleti ensimbi amancane naphakathi nendawo adinga ukunemba kobukhulu obuphakeme, ama-kerf amancane, kanye nemiphetho yokusika ebushelelezi.

Ifaneleka ngokukhethekile amaphrofayili ayinkimbinkimbi, izingxenye ezincane, namaphrojekthi anokubekezelela okuqinile kokwenziwa.

CNC Cutting

Amasistimu wokusika we-CNC angasebenzisa ilangabi, i-plasma, noma ubuchwepheshe be-laser. Indlela yokusika ilawulwa idatha yokwenziwa ehleliwe, evumela ukuthi izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi zikhiqizwe ngokunemba okuhambisanayo nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu.

Ngaphambi kokukhiqiza, uhlelo, ukulandelana kokusika, ukulinganiswa komshini, kanye nesimo sezinto ezibonakalayo kufanele kubhekwe ngokucophelela.

1.3 Umsebenzi Wokusika Okujwayelekile

Imishini yokusika kufanele ihlolwe futhi ilinganiswe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Abasebenzisi kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi okokusebenza kusebenza ngendlela efanele nokuthi uhlelo lokusika lufana nemidwebo egunyaziwe yokwenziwa.

Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ama-opharetha kufanele aqaphele:

• Ukusika isivinini

• Ukucindezela kwegesi noma izilungiselelo zamandla

• Isimo sokusika

• Ukunyakaza kwamapuleti

• Ukuguqulwa kwe-thermal

• Ukunemba kwendlela yokusika

• Ama-alamu wezisetshenziswa noma iziphazamiso

Lapho kungenzeka khona, ukusika kufanele kuhlelwe ngokulinganayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukugxila kokushisa kanye nokuhlanekezela kwamapuleti.

Ukuma kungazelelwe, isivinini sokusika esingazinzile, izilungiselelo zemishini engalungile, noma ukushisisa okuphindaphindiwe kwendawo efanayo kufanele kugwenywe.

1.4 Ukuhlola Ngemva Kokusika

Ngemuva kokusika, ingxenye kufanele ihlolwe ukunemba kwe-dimensional kanye nekhwalithi yomkhawulo.

Ukuhlola kungase kuhlanganise:

• Ubude nobubanzi bubonke

• Ubukhulu be-diagonal

• Imbobo kanye slot izikhundla

• Ubukhulu be-bevel

• Ukuqina kokuqina

• I-Edge perpendicularity

• Ubulukhuni bobuso

• Ukuguqulwa kwendawo

Imiphetho yokusika kufanele ibe bushelelezi futhi ingabi nama-burrs amaningi, ama-slag, ama-grooves ajulile, imifantu, noma umonakalo obonakalayo.

Ama-burrs amancane nama-slag angasuswa kusetshenziswa i-engeli grinder noma amanye amathuluzi agunyaziwe. Izingxenye ezeqa ukubekezelelwa kwe-dimensional okuvunyelwe kufanele zilungiswe, zisikwe kabusha, noma zenqatshwe ngokuya ngenqubo yokulawula ikhwalithi.

Ngemva kokuhlolwa, ingxenye ngayinye kufanele imakwe ngokucacile ngenombolo yayo yengxenye, inombolo yephrojekthi, umumo, kanye nereferensi yomhlangano. Izingxenye kufanele zihlukaniswe futhi zigcinwe ngendlela efanele ukuze kuvinjelwe ukudideka, ukulimala, ukuwohloka, noma ukugqwala.

2. Inqubo ye-Steel Welding: Ukuqinisekisa Amandla Esakhiwo Nokuthembeka

I-Welding ixhuma izingxenye zensimbi ngazinye zibe izingxenye zesakhiwo njengamakholomu, imishayo, ama-trusses, amafreyimu, abakaki, nezingxenye ezakhiwe.

Ngenxa yokuthi ikhwalithi ye-weld ithinta ngokuqondile umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo kanye nokuphepha kwesakhiwo sesakhiwo sensimbi esiqediwe, i-welding kufanele yenziwe ngokuvumelana nezinqubo ezivunyelwe ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe.

2.1 Ukulungiselela Ngaphambi Kokushisela

Ngaphambi kokuthi i-welding iqale, izinto zokushisela kufanele zikhethwe ngokuya ngale ndlela:

• I-Base-metal grade

• Ukujiya kwensimbi

• Uhlobo oluhlangene

• Isikhundla sokushisela

• Izidingo zokuklama

• Izakhiwo ezidingekayo zemishini

• Izindinganiso zokushisela ezisebenzayo

Ama-electrode okushisela, izintambo, ama-fluxes, namagesi avikelayo kufanele abe nemibhalo yekhwalithi evumelekile futhi kufanele agcinwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo.

Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezidinga ukomiswa noma ukugcinwa okulawulwa izinga lokushisa kufanele kusingathwe ngokuvumelana neziqondiso zomkhiqizi kanye Nokucaciswa Kwenqubo Ye-Welding egunyaziwe, noma i-WPS.

2.2 Ukulungiselela Okuhlanganyelwe Nokwangaphandle

Indawo yokushisela kufanele ihlanzeke futhi ingabi nazi:

• Ukugqwala

• Amafutha

• Gcoba

• Umswakama

• Penda

• Isikali somshini

• Ukungcola

• Okunye ukungcola

Ukungcola eduze kwelunga kungase kubangele i-porosity, ukuqhekeka, ukungabi khona kwe-fusion, noma okunye ukukhubazeka kokushisela.

Ukulungiselela ngokuhlanganyela kufanele kufane nemidwebo egunyaziwe kanye ne-WPS. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile ze-groove zifaka:

• I-Single-V groove

• I-Double-V groove

• U groove

• I-Bevel groove

• I-Square groove

I-groove angle, ukuvulwa kwezimpande, ubuso bempande, ukuqondanisa, nokuhlelwa kokusekelwa kufanele kuhambisane nenqubo yokushisela egunyaziwe.

Ngaphambi kwe-welding, isimo se-fit-up kufanele sihlolwe. Ukungahleleki kahle kakhulu noma izikhala ezihlangene ezingahambisani kufanele zilungiswe ngaphambi kokuba isihlanganisi sishiselwe.

2.3 Izinto zokushisela kanye nokulawula ipharamitha

Imishini yokushisela, izintambo, amathoshi, amasistimu okuphakela izintambo, izinto zokubeka phansi, nezinsimbi zokulinganisa kufanele zihlolwe ngaphambi kokusebenza.

Amapharamitha alandelayo kufanele alawulwe ngokuya nge-WPS:

• Welding current

• I-voltage ye-arc

• Isivinini sokuhamba

• Isivinini sokuphakela ngocingo

• Okokufaka kokushisa

• Preheat lokushisa

• Izinga lokushisa le-Interpass

• Ukulandelana kwe-welding

• Inombolo yamaphasi we-welding

• Izinga lokugeleza kwe-Shielding-gas

Ama-opharetha akufanele aguqule amapharamitha wokushisela agunyaziwe ngaphandle kokugunyazwa.

2.4 Ukusebenza Okujwayelekile Kwe-Welding

Izindlela zokushisela ezijwayelekile ezisetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwesakhiwo sensimbi zifaka:

I-Shielded Metal Arc Welding

Ukushisela i-arc yensimbi evikelekile kuyavumelana nezimo futhi kulungele izinhlelo eziningi zokwenziwa nokulungisa. Umsebenzisi kufanele agcine i-arc ezinzile, i-engeli ye-electrode efanelekile, isivinini sohambo esifanayo, kanye nokubeka ubuhlalu okulungile.

I-Gas-Shielded Arc Welding

Izindlela zokushisela ezivikelwe ngegesi zinikeza ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu kanye nekhwalithi yokushisela ezinzile lapho izimo zokusebenza zilawulwa kahle.

Umoya, umswakama, ukungcola, nokugeleza kwegesi okungazinzile kufanele kugwenywe ngoba kungase kuthinte ukusebenza kokuvikela futhi kubangele ukukhubazeka kokushisela.

I-Arc Welding engaphansi kwamanzi

I-arc welding engaphansi kwamanzi ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukushisela okude, okuqondile ezingxenyeni ezakhiwe ze-H, amakholomu amabhokisi, imishayo esindayo, namapuleti ensimbi awugqinsi.

Isivinini sokuphakela kwentambo, ukumbozwa kwe-flux, isivinini sokushisela, ukuqondanisa kwamalunga, nokokufaka kokushisa kufanele kuhlale kuzinzile kuyo yonke inqubo yokushisela.

2.5 Ukulandelana kokushisela kanye nokulawula ukuguquguquka

Ukushisela kukhiqiza ukushisa okugxilile, okungase kubangele ukuncipha, ukuhlanekezela kwe-angular, ukugoba, noma ukusonteka.

Ukuze kuncishiswe ukuwohloka kokushisela, ithimba elikhiqizayo lingasebenzisa:

• Ukushisela okulinganiselayo

• I-Symmetrical welding

• I-back-step welding

• Yeqa ukushisela

• I-Multi-layer kanye ne-multi-pass welding

• Ukulandelana kwe-welding elawulwayo

• Izakhiwo zesikhashana nama-strongbacks

• Isinxephezelo sokumiswa esethiwe

Ukushisela okude kufanele kuqedwe kusetshenziswa ukulandelana kokushisela okuvunyiwe kunokushisela ngokuqhubekayo ukusuka komunye umkhawulo kuya komunye ngaphandle kokucabangela ukusatshalaliswa kokushisa.

Ngemuva kokudlula kwe-welding ngayinye, i-slag, i-spatter, nokungcoliswa kwendawo kufanele kususwe ngaphambi kokuthi kufakwe iphasi elandelayo.

Kumapuleti aminyene, insimbi enamandla amakhulu, amalunga avinjelwe, noma izimo zokusebenza ezisezingeni eliphansi lokushisa, kungase kudingeke ukushisa kwangaphambili. Amazinga okushisa okushisa ngaphambi kwesikhathi naphakathi kwe-interpass kufanele alawulwe ngokuya nge-WPS kanye nezidingo zephrojekthi.

2.6 Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yokushisela

Ngemuva kokushisela, ama-welds kufanele aqale ahlolwe okubukwayo.

Umhloli uvamise ukuhlolela:

• Ukuqhekeka kobuso

• I-Porosity

• I-Undercut

• Ukugqagqana

• Ukugcwaliswa okungaphelele

• Ukuqiniswa ngokweqile

• I-arc ishaya

• Amaphrofayili e-weld angavamile

• I-spatter eyeqile

• Ukuntuleka okubonakalayo kwe-fusion

I-weld kufanele ibe nephrofayela engaguquki futhi kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo zobukhulu nokubukeka ezishiwo emidwebeni, i-WPS, namazinga asebenzayo.

Ukulimala okuncane kwendawo kungalungiswa ngezinqubo ezigunyaziwe zokugaya noma zokushisela. Amaphutha amakhulu kufanele asuswe ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokulungisa ukushisela.

2.7 Ukuhlola Okungabhubhi

Lapho kudingwa uhlelo lokuhlola iphrojekthi, ukuhlola okungalimazi kungase kwenziwe ukuze kuhlonzwe amaphutha angaphakathi noma aphuka phezulu.

Izindlela ezijwayelekile zifaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Radiographic

• Ukuhlolwa kwezinhlayiyana zikazibuthe

• Ukuhlola ukungena koketshezi

Indlela yokuhlola namaphesenti okuhlola kuncike ohlotsheni lwe-weld, ukubaluleka kwesakhiwo, izidingo zedizayini, namazinga asebenzayo.

Ama-weld abalulekile angena ngokugcwele noma amajoyinti agcizelelwe kakhulu angase adinge iphesenti eliphezulu lokuhlola, okuhlanganisa nokuhlola okungu-100% lapho kucacisiwe.

Noma iyiphi i-weld ehluleka ukuhlolwa kufanele ihlolwe futhi ilungiswe ngokuvumelana nenqubo yokulungisa egunyaziwe. Indawo elungisiwe kufanele iphinde ihlolwe.

2.8 Ukwelashwa Kwangemva Kokushisela

Ukwelashwa kwe-post-weld akudingekile kuyo yonke ingxenye yensimbi. Ingacaciswa izinto ezithile, ubukhulu bepuleti, ukumiswa okuhlanganyelwe, noma izimo zesevisi.

Ngokuya ngezidingo zephrojekthi, ukwelashwa kwe-post-weld kungabandakanya:

• Ukupholisa okulawulwayo

• Ukwelashwa kokukhishwa kwe-hydrogen

• Ukwelashwa kokushisa okwehlisa ingcindezi

• Ukugaya i-weld

• Ukuqedwa kobuso

• Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinzwane zokushisela

Yonke imingcele yokwelapha ukushisa kufanele irekhodwe kahle futhi ilawulwe.

3. I-Steel Component Assembly: I-Fit-Up Enembile kanye Nokwakhiwa Kokugcina

I-Assembly iyinqubo yokubeka nokuxhuma izingxenye zensimbi ngazinye ukuze zakhe izingxenye eziphelele zesakhiwo.

Izingxenye ezijwayelekile ezihlanganisiwe zihlanganisa:

• Amakholomu esigaba sika-H

• Imishayo eyakhelwe phezulu

• Amakholomu ebhokisi

• Izinsimbi zophahla

• Amafreyimu ensimbi

• Abakaki

• Amapulatifomu

• Izitebhisi

• Amamojula akhiwe ayinkimbinkimbi

Inhloso eyinhloko yokuhlanganisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye eqediwe ihlangabezana nobukhulu obudingekayo, ijometri, ukuqondanisa, nezimo zokuxhuma ngaphambi kokushisela kokugcina, ukudweba, ukupakisha, nokulethwa.

3.1 Ukulungiselela Ngaphambi Komhlangano

Indawo yokuhlangana kufanele ihlanzeke, ilingane, izinze, futhi ibe nkulu ngokwanele ukuthi ingxenye eyakhiwayo.

Amapulatifomu omhlangano angenziwa ngensimbi noma ukhonkolo. Iplatifomu kufanele inikeze amandla anele kanye nokucaba ukuze kuvinjelwe izilinganiso ezingalungile noma ukuguqulwa kwengxenye.

Ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa, zonke izingxenye zezingxenye kufanele zihlolwe:

• Inombolo yengxenye elungile

• Ukucaciswa kwezinto

• Ukunemba kobukhulu

• Ikhwalithi yokusika

• Isikhundla sembobo

• Ukulungiselela bevel

• Ikhwalithi yokushisela

• Ukuqondile nokucaba

• Isimo sobuso

Noma iyiphi ingxenye ene-deformation engamukeleki kufanele ilungiswe ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa.

Izindlela zokulungisa ezivamile zihlanganisa ukuqondisa komshini, ukulungisa ukucindezela, nokuqondisa amalangabi okulawulwayo. Wonke umsebenzi wokulungisa kufanele ulandele inqubo evunyelwe ukugwema ukulimaza insimbi.

Amathuluzi omhlangano nezinto zokusebenza zingafaka:

• Izikhundla zokumisa

• Ama-clamps

• Ojeke

• Imishini yokudonsa

• Amazinga

• Ukulinganisa amateyipu

• Izinsimbi ze-laser

• Iziteshi eziphelele

• Izikali zokushisela

Wonke amathuluzi okulinganisa kufanele alinganiswe futhi afanele ukunemba okudingekayo.

3.2 Ukusungula Isethenjwa SoMkhandlu

Umhlangano kufanele ulandele umgomo wokusungula inkomba eyinhloko ngaphambi kokubeka imininingwane yesibili.

Ngokuya ngohlobo lwengxenye, ireferensi ingaba:

• Ubuso bokuphela

• I-centralline

• Indawo ye-flange

• Isizinda sewebhu

• I-eksisi ye-symmetrical

• Iphoyinti ledatha eliklanyelwe

Ingxenye eyinhloko kufanele ibekwe ngokuphephile endaweni yesikhulumi somhlangano usebenzisa izinto ezifanele. Ulayini wereferensi kanye nokuma kwawo kufanele kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuthi kufakwe izingxenye ezisele.

3.3 Ukusebenza Kwenhlangano Emisiwe

Izingxenye ezisele kufanele zifakwe ngokulandelana okuboniswe emidwebeni yokwenziwa egunyaziwe.

Ngesikhathi somhlangano, ithimba kufanele lihlole ngokuqhubekayo:

• Ubude bubonke

• Ububanzi nobude bubonke

• Ubukhulu be-diagonal

• Ukuqondanisa kwewebhu ne-flange

• Ukuma

• Ukufana

• Squareness

• Izikhala ezihlangene

• Izikhundla zokuxhuma

• Ukuqondanisa imbobo

• I-Camber noma i-deformation esethiwe

Ojeke, ama-clamp, amaweji, nezinto zokudonsa zingase zisetshenziselwe ukulungisa kahle. Amandla amakhulu kufanele agwenywe ngoba angadala ingcindezi eyinsalela noma ukonakala okuhlala njalo.

Ukubekezelelwa kobukhulu kufanele kulandele imidwebo egunyaziwe, imininingwane yephrojekthi, namazinga okwenziwa asebenzayo.

3.4 I-Tack Welding

Uma izingxenye sezibekwe kahle, i-tack welding ingase isetshenziselwe ukubamba endaweni ngaphambi kokushisela kokugcina.

Ama-weld we-Tack kufanele:

• Sebenzisa izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushisela ezihambisanayo

• Yenziwe ngabashiseli abaqeqeshiwe

• Yiba nobude obanele namandla

• Ungabi nemifantu kanye nezinye iziphambeko

• Gwema ukuphazamisa i-weld yokugcina

• Landela inqubo yokushisela egunyaziwe

Ama-tack weld anesici kufanele asuswe ngaphambi kokushisela kokugcina.

Indawo nokulandelana kwama-tack weld kufanele kuvimbele ukunyakaza kwengxenye futhi kusize ukulawula ukuhlanekezela kokushisela.

3.5 Ukuhlolwa Ngemva Komhlangano

Ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa, ingxenye ephelele kufanele ihlolwe ubukhulu kanye nokubonwayo.

Ukuhlolwa kufanele kuqinisekise:

• Izilinganiso zezingxenye sezizonke

• Izikhundla zokuxhuma

• Ukuqondanisa imbobo

• Ukuma nokuqondile

• Umehluko we-diagonal

• I-Flange nokuqondanisa kwewebhu

• Izikhala ezihlangene

• I-Camber

• Ikhwalithi ye-Tack-weld

• Ukuma kwengxenye

Izingxenye ezihlangabezana nezidingo zokuhlola zingaqhubekela ekushiseleni okokugcina, ukulungiswa kwendawo, ukumboza, noma ukuhlanganisa isivivinyo.

Izingxenye ezingahlangabezani nezidingo kufanele zilungiswe, zilungiswe, noma zihlakazwe futhi zihlanganiswe kabusha.

Ngemva kokwamukelwa kokugcina, ingxenye ngayinye kufanele imakwe unomphela ngenombolo yayo yephrojekthi, inombolo yengxenye, isiqondiso sokufakwa, nolunye ulwazi lukamazisi oludingekayo.

Izingxenye eziqediwe kufanele zigcinwe ezisekelweni ezifanele futhi zivikelwe ekuguquguqukeni, ekulimaleni komthelela, ukunqwabelana kwamanzi, kanye nokugqwala.

4. Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Kuwo Wonke Inqubo Yokwenza

Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi akufanele kukhawulelwe ekuhlolweni kokugcina. Kumele isetshenziswe kukho konke ukwamukela, ukusika, ukushisela, ukuhlanganisa, ukwelashwa kwendawo kanye nokuthunyelwa.

Amadokhumenti abalulekile okulawula ikhwalithi angase ahlanganise:

• Izitifiketi zezinto ezibonakalayo

• Amarekhodi okulandeleka okubalulekile

• Ukusika imibiko yokuhlola

• Amarekhodi okuhlola ama-Dimensional

• Imininingwane Yenqubo Yokushisela

• Amarekhodi wokufaneleka we-Welder

• Imibiko yokuhlolwa kokushisela

• Imibiko yokuhlola engacekeli phansi

• Lungisa amarekhodi

• Imibiko yokuhlolwa kwe-coating

• Amarekhodi okugcina okwamukelwa

Uhlelo oluphelele lwamadokhumenti lusiza ukuqinisekisa ukulandeleka komkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi yokwenziwa engaguquki.

5. Iziqu Nokuqeqeshwa Kwabasebenzi

Abasebenza ngokusika, ukushisela, ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlola, nokusebenza kwemishini kufanele babe nokuqeqeshwa okufanele, amakhono, kanye neziqu.

Umsebenzi wokushisela kufanele wenziwe ngabashiseli abaqeqeshiwe besebenzisa izinqubo ezigunyaziwe.

Ukuqeqeshwa okujwayelekile kufanele kufake:

• Izinqubo zokwenziwa

• Ukudweba incazelo

• Ukusebenza kwezisetshenziswa

• Izimfuneko zekhwalithi

• Ukulawula ukushisela

• Izindlela zokulinganisa

• Izinqubo zokuphepha

• Ukuvimbela ukukhubazeka

Iziqondiso ezicacile zomsebenzi kanye nezifingqo zezobuchwepheshe kufanele zinikezwe ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhiqiza.

6. Ukugcinwa Kwezisetshenziswa kanye Nokulinganisa

Imishini yokusika, imishini yokushisela, izinto zokuphakamisa, izinto zokuhlanganisa, nezinsimbi zokuhlola kufanele kunakekelwe njalo.

Ukunakekela ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa:

• Ihlola ukunemba komshini

• Ukuhlola ukuxhumana kukagesi

• Ukuhlanza imibhobho yokusika namathoshi okushisela

• Ukushintsha izingxenye ezigugile

• Ihlola amadivayisi okuphepha

• Ukulinganisa amathuluzi okulinganisa

• Ukurekhoda imisebenzi yesondlo

Izinto ezisetshenziswayo kufanele zihlolwe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, zihlanzwe ngemva kokuhlinzwa, futhi zigcinwe ngendlela efanele.

Okokusebenza okunganakekelwa kahle kungabangela amaphutha e-dimensional, imingcele yokushisela engazinzile, ukubambezeleka kokukhiqiza, kanye nezingozi zokuphepha.

7. Izidingo Zokuphepha Zokwenziwa Kwesakhiwo Sensimbi

Ukwenziwa kwensimbi kuhilela amazinga okushisa aphezulu, izinto zikagesi, izinto ezisindayo, intuthu, izinhlansi, nemisebenzi yokuphakamisa. Ukulawula ukuphepha okuphelele ngakho-ke kubalulekile.

I-workshop kufanele ifakwe:

• Izicishamlilo

• Izikrini zokushisela

• Amasistimu okungenisa umoya kanye nokukhipha intuthu

• Ukuphuma kwesimo esiphuthumayo

• Izimpawu eziyisixwayiso

• I-Grounding kanye nezinhlelo zokuvikela ugesi

• Izisetshenziswa zokuphakamisa ezigunyaziwe

• Imishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu

Izisebenzi kufanele zisebenzise izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele, okuhlanganisa nezigqoko zokushisela, izibuko zokuphepha, amagilavu ​​ukumelana nokushisa, izingubo zokuzivikela, izicathulo zokuphepha, ukuvikela izindlebe, nokuvikela ukuphefumula lapho kudingeka.

Imisebenzi yokusika nokushisela akumele yenziwe eduze nezinto ezivuthayo noma eziqhumayo ngaphandle uma sekwenziwe izinyathelo ezifanele zokulawula.

Izingxenye ezisindayo kufanele ziphakanyiswe kuphela ngemishini yokuphakamisa ehloliwe kanye nezinqubo zokuphakamisa ezigunyaziwe.

Isiphetho

Ukusika, ukushisela, nokuhlanganisa kuyizigaba ezixhumene kakhulu ekwenziweni kwesakhiwo sensimbi.

Ukusika okunembile kuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke ingxenye iqala ngobukhulu obufanele kanye nezimo zonqenqema. I-welding elawulwayo inikeza ukuxhumana okuthembekile kwesakhiwo futhi inciphisa amaphutha kanye nokuguqulwa. Ukuhlanganiswa okunembile kuqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye eziqediwe zihambisana nemidwebo egunyaziwe futhi zingafakwa ngokuphumelelayo endaweni yokwakha.

Ngokusebenzisa izinqubo ezimisiwe, abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe, okokusebenza okulinganiselwe, ukuhlola okuqhubekayo, kanye nemibhalo yekhwalithi ephelele, abakhiqizi besakhiwo sensimbi bangathuthukisa ukunemba kokwakhiwa, ukwethembeka kwesakhiwo, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, nokuphepha kwephrojekthi.

Inqubo yokukhiqiza elawulwa kahle ayigcini nje ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezingxenye zensimbi ngayinye kodwa futhi inciphisa ubunzima bokufaka, ifinyeza isimiso sokwakha, futhi isekele ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwesakhiwo sensimbi esiqediwe.

Izinsizakalo Zokwenziwa Kwesakhiwo Sensimbi Ezobuchwepheshe

I-ZSJH Steel Group ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zesakhiwo sensimbi ezididiyelwe ezihlanganisa ukwakheka kwesakhiwo, ubunjiniyela obunemininingwane, ukusika insimbi, ukushisela, ukuhlanganisa, ukwelapha okungaphezulu, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi, ukupakisha, nokulethwa kwamanye amazwe.

Izixazululo zethu zokwenziwa zingenziwa ngezifiso izinkundla zokusebenzela zezimboni, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla, izikhungo zezokuthutha, izakhiwo zezentengiselwano, izikhungo zomphakathi, amapulatifomu ensimbi, izakhiwo ezinkulu, kanye neminye imiklamo yokwakha yamazwe ngamazwe.

Xhumana nethimba lethu ngemidwebo yakho, imininingwane yobuchwepheshe, noma izidingo zephrojekthi ukuze uthole isisombululo sokwenza isakhiwo sensimbi esingokwezifiso.