A fagen ginin jirgin ruwa, ingancin kauri farantin walda gidajen abinci kai tsaye yana shafar aminci, karko da juriya na tsarin jirgin. The biyu-gefe waldi tushen tsaftacewa da kafa fasaha, a matsayin core tsari na lokacin farin ciki farantin waldi (kamar babban taro na jirgin sassa, da karfi benaye, da kuma gefen saman bulkheads a key sassa), tabbatar da cikakken shigar azzakari cikin farji kabu da rashi na ciki lahani ta hanyar yin biyu-gefe waldi da sosai cire tushen lahani. Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin buƙatun wajibi don ingancin walda na jirgi wanda ƙungiyar Rarraba Sinawa (CCS) ta gindaya. Wannan labarin a tsare yana nazarin ƙayyadaddun buƙatun, aiwatar da mahimman mahimman bayanai da aikace-aikacen injiniya na tushen tsabtace walda mai gefe biyu da ƙirƙirar fasaha, a hade tare da ka'idoji kamar Dokokin Rarraba Jirgin Jirgin Ruwa na Karfe (2021), Gwajin Welding don Jirgin ruwa da kuma '' Karfe Welded Atmospheric Vessels N0B/T4).

I. Mahimman Fasaha da Matsayi na al'ada na Welding mai gefe biyu don Cire Tushen

Fasahar samar da tushen walda mai gefe biyu tana nufin cikakken tsari na yin amfani da hanyoyin walda mai gefe biyu (kamar waldawar arc da ke ƙarƙashin ruwa, waldawar iskar gas ta CO₂, da sauransu), bayan kammala waldawar rigar walda ta gaba, ta hanyar injina ko hanyoyin thermal don kawar da rashin narkewa, slag, da saƙa a tushen iskar gas, sa'an nan kuma zazzage tushen gas ɗin. bayan-gefe tushen-share waldi. Babban makasudinsa shine tabbatar da cewa kabuwar walda ya cika kutsawa kuma ba shi da lahani na ciki, yana cika makin ingancin walda (kamar A grade, B grade) da CCS ke buƙata. Dangane da Mataki na ashirin da 2.2.4 na Babi na 2 na Sashe na 3 na CCS' 'Steel Ship Classification Specifications', 'Domin butt welds na m Tsarin (kamar ƙwanƙwasa katako, firam masu ƙarfi, faranti na waje, da sauransu) waɗanda ke ɗaukar kaya mai tsayi ko tsauri, lokacin da farantin kauri ya wuce ingantaccen kauri na daidaitaccen walda mai gefe guda, ko ƙayyadadden walƙiya mai gefe guda biyu. Ya kamata a yi amfani da walda wanda ya yi daidai da walƙiya mai gefe biyu.' Daga cikinsu, 'tushen share fage' shine babban mataki don cimma 'cikakkiyar shigar ciki', kuma ingancinsa kai tsaye yana rinjayar ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi da tsattsage juriya na walƙiya.

II. Bukatun fasaha na Ƙayyadaddun CCS don Tsabtace Tushen Welding Mai Fuska Biyu

CCS ta ba da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsari don haɓakar tushen walda mai gefe biyu, wanda ke rufe abubuwa kamar zaɓin abu, ƙirar bevel, tsarin tsaftacewa, ƙa'idodin dubawa, da sarrafa sake yin aiki. Mabuɗin mahimman bayanai sune kamar haka: 1. Abubuwan buƙatun kayan aiki da kayan walda: Tushen walda mai gefe biyu yana dacewa da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodin CCS don tsarin jirgin ruwa (kamar AH32, DH36, EH36, da sauransu, ƙarfe mai ƙarfi), kuma dole ne ya cika buƙatun 'Structural Steel'. Don faranti mai kauri wanda ya wuce 30mm, ana buƙatar sake duba gwajin ultrasonic (UT) don tabbatar da cewa babu delamination, haɗawa, ko wasu lahani (Mataki na 3.2.1 na 'Dokokin Karfe don Rarraba Jirgin Ruwa').

1. Takaddun shaida na kayan walda: Kayan walda (sandunan walda, wayoyi na walda, waldawar walda) dole ne samfuran CCS su amince da su (kamar 'Dokokin Gwaji don Gane Kayayyakin Welding na Jirgin ruwa'), kuma ƙarfinsu dole ne ya dace da na kayan tushe. Alal misali, lokacin walda EH36 karfe, ƙananan-hydrogen alkaline walda sanduna (kamar J507RH) ko high-tauri submerged baka walda wayoyi (kamar ER50-6) ya kamata a zaba don tabbatar da cewa ƙarfi, tauri da tsaga juriya na weld karfe ba kasa da na tushe abu.

2. Tsarin tsagi da nau'in tsagi na farko: Dangane da kauri na farantin karfe da matsayi na tsari, CCS ya ba da shawarar yin amfani da nau'i-nau'i na X ko biyu V-dimbin yawa (Hoto 1). Don walda mai gefe biyu, ana iya rage haɗarin haɗin tushen da bai cika ba. Tsagi kusurwa α yawanci 60 ° zuwa 70 °, fillet radius p ≤ 2mm (don farantin kauri ≤ 25mm) ko p ≤ 3mm (don farantin kauri> 25mm), da kuma tushen rata b ≤ 2mm (kamar yadda ' Welding Grooves for Ship Structure')

Preprocessing bukatun: Kafin waldi, da tsagi da 20mm yanki a bangarorin biyu bukatar a tsaftace su don cire datti kamar man fetur, tsatsa, da oxide sikelin (Mataki na 5.2.1 na 'Ship Welding Process Approval Test'); don ƙarfin ƙarfe mai ƙarfi (kamar EH36), ana buƙatar preheating na harshen wuta (tare da zafin zafin jiki na ≥ 100 ℃) don rage saurin sanyaya na kabu da kuma hana fashe sanyi.

3. Tsarin Tsabtace Tushen da Bayanin Aiki Tushen Tsaftace Hanyar: Hanyoyin tsabtace tushen da aka yarda ta CCS sun haɗa da gogaggun carbon (CJP), milling, ko yankan plasma. Carbon arc gouging shine hanyar da aka fi so (saboda ƙarancin farashi da ingancinsa), amma dole ne a sarrafa sigogin yankan gas sosai (180-250A na yanzu, matsa lamba 0.5-0.6MPa) don guje wa samuwar yadudduka na carburized ko tagulla (wanda ke shafar ingancin walda mai zuwa).

Zurfin cirewar tushen tushe da siffar: Bayan cirewar tushen, ya kamata a fallasa saman karfe tare da luster na ƙarfe, kuma kada a sami lahani kamar haɗaɗɗen da ba ta cika ba ko haɗar slag a tushen; radius na tushen bevel r ≥ 2mm (don bevel mai siffar X) ko r ≥ 1.5mm (don bevel mai siffar V), da kuma gefen fillet p ≤ 1mm (daidai da GB / T 19868-2005). Don welds tare da kauri mai kauri fiye da 30mm, ana bada shawara don aiwatar da cirewar tushen a cikin matakai biyu (a fili zuwa 2-3mm daga saman baya a matakin farko, kuma a bayyane sosai a mataki na biyu) don tabbatar da cewa an kafa weld ɗin da kyau.

4. Bayan walda a lokacin walda da kuma bayan dumama magani: Bayan tushen tsaftacewa, backside waldi dole ne a za'ayi nan da nan ta amfani da wannan walda kayan da matakai kamar yadda na gaba gefen (misali, a submerged baka waldi, halin yanzu ne 180-220A, da ƙarfin lantarki ne 28-32V, da kuma gudun ne 35-45cm/min). Tabbatar cewa kauri na kabu mai gefe biyu ya kasance daidai kuma babu wani abin da aka yanke (zurfin da aka yanke ya zama ≤ 0.5mm kuma tsawon ya zama ≤ 10% na jimlar tsayin weld).

Bayan dumama da rufi: Domin high-ƙarfi karfe (kamar EH36) ko a lokacin da yanayi zafin jiki ne kasa da 5 ℃, bayan waldi da aka kammala, bayan dumama magani (a zafin jiki na 200 ~ 300 ℃, tare da wani rufi lokaci na 1 ~ 2 hours) ake bukata don kawar waldi hydrogen-assinduced CCS da kuma hana CCS. Bayani: 3.3.4).

5. Ingancin Inspection da Ka'idodin Karɓar - Gwajin mara lalacewa (NDT): 100% gwajin gwaji na rediyo (RT) dole ne a gudanar da shi don ƙwanƙolin weld ɗin walda mai gefe biyu. Za a gudanar da RT ɗin daidai da GB/T 3323-2005 'Gwajin Radiyo na haɗin gwiwar Welded in Metal Fusion Welding', kuma ana la'akari da shi ya cancanci a matakin B (tare da aibi wanda bai wuce matakin II ba). (Ana iya yin UT, amma ba ni da masaniya sosai game da shi. Tabbas zan ƙara yin nazari kan yadda UT ke gudanar da binciken idan ina da lokaci).

Duban bayyanar: Fannin kabu ɗin walda ya kamata ya zama santsi kuma mara kyau, ba tare da tsagewa ba, kofuna, ko haɗawa da slag. Tsayin da ya wuce ya kamata ya zama 0 zuwa 3mm (don tsagi mai siffar X) ko 0 zuwa 4mm (na tsagi mai siffar V). Ya kamata a ƙara nisa da bai wuce 2mm a kowane gefe idan aka kwatanta da tsagi ( Shafi 1 na 'Lambar Rarraba Jirgin Ruwa').

6. Mahimman bayanai don kula da inganci da al'amuran gama gari don gujewa: Rashin isasshen tsaftacewa: Wannan na iya haifar da rashin cika fuska a tushen. Wajibi ne don tabbatar da zurfin tsaftacewa ta hanyar sake dubawa na UT (≥ 80% na kauri na farantin karfe) kuma duba siffar ta amfani da ma'auni na musamman (kamar ma'aunin tsagi).

Fasa-fasa-haɗaɗɗen hydrogen: Lokacin walda ƙarfe mai ƙarfi, wajibi ne don sarrafa zafin zafin jiki na preheating (≥100 ℃) da zafin jiki na interlayer (≤250℃) don guje wa fashewar sanyi.

Ikon sake-aiki: Idan an gano lahani yayin dubawa, dole ne a aiwatar da aikin daidai da buƙatun CCS 'Gwajin Cancantar Tsarin Welding don Jiragen Ruwa' (yawan lokutan sake aiki na yanki ɗaya ba zai wuce sau 2 ba). Bayan sake yin aiki, dole ne a sake yin gwajin UT/RT.

Kammalawa

Ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun fasaha da ƙungiyar Rarraba Sinawa ta Sin ta tsara don tsarin ƙera tushen walda mai fuska biyu shine 'matsaloli masu wuya' don ingancin aikin jirgin ruwa. Ta hanyar daidaitawa da kayan aiki, haɓakar tsagi, sarrafa tsarin tsabtace tushen, da tsauraran bincike, yana yiwuwa a tabbatar da cikakken shigar da suturar weld, ta haka inganta aminci da amincin tsarin jirgin.