Emkhakheni wokwakha umkhumbi, ikhwalithi yamajoyinti e-welding aminyene ithinta ngqo ukuphepha, ukuqina nokumelana nokukhathala kwesakhiwo somkhumbi. Ukuhlanzwa kwezimpande zokushisela okunezinhlangothi ezimbili nokwakha ubuchwepheshe, njengenqubo eyinhloko yokushisela ipuleti eliwugqinsi (njengokuhlanganiswa okukhulu kwezingxenye zomkhumbi, amadekhi aqinile, nama-bulkheads aphezulu ohlangothini ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile), kuqinisekisa ukungena okugcwele komthungo we-weld kanye nokungabikho kokukhubazeka kwangaphakathi ngokwenza ukushisela okunezinhlangothi ezimbili nokususa kahle izimpande. Lena enye yezidingo eziyisibopho zekhwalithi yokushisela umkhumbi esethwe yi-Chinese Classification Society (CCS). Lesi sihloko sihlaziya ngokuhlelekile izimfuneko zokucaciswa, ukucubungula amaphuzu abalulekile kanye nokusetshenziswa kobunjiniyela bokuhlanzwa kwezimpande zokushisela okunezinhlangothi ezimbili kanye nokwenza ubuchwepheshe, kuhlanganiswe namazinga afana 'Imithetho Yokuhlukaniswa Kwemikhumbi Yensimbi' (2021), 'Ukuhlolwa kokushisela Kwemikhumbi' kanye 'Nemikhumbi Yensimbi Eshiselwe I-Atmospheric4 Pressure (0B/Trick)' (0B/Triko).

I. I-Technical Essence kanye nokuma okujwayelekile kokushisela okunezinhlangothi ezimbili ukuze kususwe izimpande.

Ubuchwepheshe bokwakha izimpande ze-welding enezinhlangothi ezimbili busho inqubo ephelele yokusebenzisa izindlela zokushisela ezizinhlangothi zombili (njenge-arc welding engaphansi kwamanzi, i-CO₂ gas shielded welding, njll.), ngemva kokuqeda ukushisela komthungo we-weld wangaphambili, ngokusebenzisa izindlela zemishini noma ezishisayo ukususa okungancibiliki, i-slag, kanye ne-defecting the weld the welding bese yenza i-gaslding the weld. i-welding ye-root-clearing ye-back-side. Umgomo wayo oyinhloko uwukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-weld seam ingena ngokugcwele futhi ayinazo iziphambeko zangaphakathi, ihlangabezana namabanga ekhwalithi yokushisela (njengebanga elingu-A, ibanga B) elidingwa i-CCS. Ngokuvumelana ne-Athikili 2.2.4 yeSahluko 2 seNgxenye 3 ye-CCS' 'Izicaciso Zokuhlukaniswa Kwemikhumbi Yensimbi', 'Omashisela ezinqeni zezakhiwo ezibalulekile (njengama-hull beam, amafreyimu aqinile, amapuleti angaphandle aseceleni, njll.) athwala imithwalo emile noma eguquguqukayo, lapho ukujiya kwepuleti kudlula ugqinsi olusebenzayo lwe-welding ye-single-side noma ukujiya okucacisiwe kwe-welding enethi elilodwa okulingana nokushisela okunezinhlangothi ezimbili kufanele kwamukelwe.' Phakathi kwazo, 'ukwakheka kwe-root-clearing' kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokufinyelela 'ukungena okugcwele', futhi ikhwalithi yakhona ithinta ngqo amandla okuthwala kanye nokumelana nokuqhekeka kokusakaza komthungo wokushisela.

II. Izidingo Zobuchwepheshe Zezicaciso ze-CCS Zokuhlanza Izimpande Zokushisela okunezinhlangothi ezimbili

I-CCS iphakamise ukucaciswa okuhlelekile kobuchwepheshe bokwenza imvume yokushisela ezinhlangothini ezimbili, okuhlanganisa izici ezinjengokukhethwa kwezinto, ukwakheka kwe-bevel, inqubo yokuhlanza, izindinganiso zokuhlola, nokulawula ukusebenza kabusha. Amaphuzu abalulekile ami kanje: 1. Izidingo zezinto zokwakha kanye nezinto zokushisela: Ukuvunyelwa kwezimpande zokushisela okunezinhlangothi ezimbili kusebenza ezinsimbi zesakhiwo ezicaciswe emithethweni ye-CCS yezakhiwo zemikhumbi (njenge-AH32, DH36, EH36, njll., izinsimbi ezinamandla aphezulu), futhi kumele zihlangabezane nezidingo ze-'Structural Steel'. Kumapuleti anogqinsi oludlula u-30mm, ukuhlolwa kabusha kwe-ultrasonic (UT) kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi awekho ama-delamination, inclusions, noma okunye ukukhubazeka (I-athikili 3.2.1 'Imithetho Yensimbi Yokuhlukaniswa Kwemikhumbi').

1. Isitifiketi sempahla yokushisela: Izinto zokushisela (izinduku zokushisela, izintambo zokushisela, i-welding flux) kufanele zigunyazwe imikhiqizo ye-CCS (njengokuthi 'Imithetho Yokuhlola Yokuqashelwa Kwezinto Zokushisela Emkhunjini'), futhi amandla azo kufanele afane nalawo wezinto eziyisisekelo. Isibonelo, lapho kushiselwa insimbi ye-EH36, izinduku zokushisela ezine-alkaline ephansi ye-hydrogen (ezifana ne-J507RH) noma izintambo zokushisela ezingaphansi kwamanzi eziqinile (ezifana ne-ER50-6) kufanele zikhethwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amandla, ukuqina nokumelana nokuqhekeka kwensimbi yokushisela awekho ngaphansi kwaleyo yezinto eziyisisekelo.

2. Idizayini ye-groove kanye nefomu le-groove yokwelashwa ngaphambilini: Ngokusekelwe ekugqimeni kwepuleti nendawo yesakhiwo, i-CCS incoma ukusebenzisa imisele emise okuka-X noma ekabili emise okuka-V (Umfanekiso 1). Ngokushisela okunezinhlangothi ezimbili, ingozi yokuhlangana okungaphelele kwezimpande ingancishiswa. I-engeli ye-groove α ngokuvamile ingu-60° ukuya ku-70°, i-fillet radius p ≤ 2mm (ngokuqina kwepuleti ≤ 25mm) noma p ≤ 3mm (ngobukhulu bepuleti > 25mm), kanye negebe lempande b ≤ 2mm (ngokwendlela 'Ama-Welding Grooves for Ship Structure').

Izidingo zokucubungula ngaphambili: Ngaphambi kokushisela, imisele nendawo engu-20mm nhlangothi zombili idinga ukuhlanzwa ukuze kukhishwe ukungcola okufana nowoyela, ukugqwala, nesikali se-oxide (I-athikili 5.2.1 'Yokuhlolwa Kokuvunyelwa Kwenqubo Yokushisela Emkhunjini'); ngensimbi enamandla amakhulu (efana ne-EH36), ukushisa kwangaphambi komlilo (okunokushisa kwangaphambi kokushisa okungu-≥ 100℃) kuyadingeka ukuze kuncishiswe isivinini sokupholisa se-weld seam nokuvimbela imifantu ebandayo.

3. Inqubo Yokuhlanza Izimpande kanye Nezicaciso Zokusebenza Indlela yokuhlanza izimpande: Izindlela zokuhlanza izimpande ezivunyelwe yi-CCS zihlanganisa i-carbon arc gouging (CJP), ukugaya, noma ukusika i-plasma. I-Carbon arc gouging iyindlela ekhethwayo (ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi nokusebenza kahle kakhulu), kodwa imingcele yokusika igesi kufanele ilawulwe ngokuqinile (i-180-250A yamanje, umfutho womoya ocindezelwe ngu-0.5-0.6MPa) ukugwema ukwakheka kwezingqimba ze-carburized noma amabala ethusi (okuthinta ikhwalithi yokushisela elandelayo).

Ukujula nokuma kwezimpande: Ngemva kokusulwa kwezimpande, ingaphezulu lensimbi kufanele livezwe ngokucwebezela kwensimbi, futhi akumele kube namaphutha njengokuhlanganisa okungaphelele noma ukufakwa kwe-slag empandeni; i-radius yempande ye-bevel r ≥ 2mm (ye-bevel emise u-X) noma i-r ≥ 1.5mm (ye-bevel emise okwe-V), kanye nomphetho we-fillet p ≤ 1mm (ngokuhambisana ne-GB / T 19868-2005). Ukuze uthole ama-welds anogqinsi lwepuleti olungaphezu kuka-30mm, kunconywa ukwenza imvume yezimpande ngezigaba ezimbili (icace ku-2-3mm ukusuka endaweni engemuva esigabeni sokuqala, futhi icace kahle esigabeni sesibili) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-weld yangemuva yakheka kahle.

4. Ukushisela ngemuva ngesikhathi sokushisela kanye nokwelashwa kwangemuva kokushisa: Ngemva kokuhlanza izimpande, ukuthungatha kwe-backside kumele kwenziwe ngokushesha kusetshenziswa izinto ezifanayo zokuthungatha kanye nezinqubo njengengxenye yangaphambili (isibonelo, ekushiseni kwe-arc engaphansi kwamanzi, i-current 180-220A, i-voltage ingu-28-32V, futhi ijubane liyi-35-45cm / min). Qinisekisa ukuthi ukushuba komthungo we-weld ezinhlangothini ezimbili kufana futhi akukho-undercut (ukujula kwe-undercut kufanele kube ≤ 0.5mm futhi ubude kufanele bube ≤ 10% wobude obuphelele be-weld seam).

Ngemuva kokushisa kanye nokufakwa kwe-insulation: Ukuze uthole izinsimbi ezinamandla aphezulu (ezifana ne-EH36) noma lapho izinga lokushisa elizungezile lingaphansi kuka-5 ℃, ngemva kokuphothulwa kokushisela, ukwelashwa kwangemva kokushisa (emazingeni okushisa angama-200 ~ 300 ℃, nesikhathi sokufakwa kwamahora angu-1 ~ 2) kuyadingeka ukuze kuqedwe ukucindezeleka kwe-welding residual futhi kuvimbele i-CCS Classified CCS (CCS) 3.3.4).

5. Ukuhlolwa Kwekhwalithi kanye Namazinga Okwamukela - Ukuhlola Okungabhubhisi (NDT): Ukuhlolwa kwe-radiographic (RT) okungu-100% kufanele kwenziwe kuma-weld seams wokushisela okunezinhlangothi ezimbili. I-RT izokwenziwa ngokuhambisana ne-GB/T 3323-2005 'Ukuhlolwa kweRadiographic of Welded Joints in Metal Fusion Welding', futhi ibhekwa njengefanelekile ezingeni lika-B (enamamaki anesici angeqi ezingeni II). (I-UT ingenziwa futhi, kodwa anginalo ulwazi oluningi ngayo. Ngizofunda kabanzi ngokuthi i-UT ikwenza kanjani ukuhlola uma nginesikhathi.)

Ukuhlolwa kokubukeka: Ingaphezulu lomthungo we-weld kufanele libe bushelelezi futhi lingenamthungo, ngaphandle kwemifantu, ama-pores, noma ama-slag inclusions. Ubude obudlulele kufanele bube ngu-0 kuye ku-3mm (emijondolo emise okuka-X) noma u-0 ukuya ku-4mm (emfantwini emise okuka-V). Ububanzi kufanele bunyuswe ngokungekho ngaphezu kuka-2mm ohlangothini ngalunye uma kuqhathaniswa ne-groove (Isithasiselo 1 'Ikhodi Yokuhlukaniswa Kwemikhumbi Yensimbi').

6. Amaphuzu abalulekile okulawula ikhwalithi kanye nezindaba ezivamile okufanele zigwenywe: Ukungahlanzeki kwezimpande okunganele: Lokhu kungase kubangele ukuhlangana okungaphelele emsukeni. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukujula kokuhlanza ngokuhlola kabusha kwe-UT (≥ 80% wobukhulu bepuleti) futhi uhlole umumo usebenzisa amageji akhethekile (njengamageji e-groove).

Imifantu eyenziwe nge-hydrogen: Uma ushisela insimbi enamandla amakhulu, kuyadingeka ukulawula ngokuqinile izinga lokushisa langaphambi kokushisa (≥100℃) kanye nezinga lokushisa le-interlayer (≤250℃) ukuze ugweme ukuqhekeka okubandayo.

Ukulawulwa kokusebenza kabusha: Uma kutholwa ukukhubazeka ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ukusetshenzwa kabusha kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nezimfuneko ze-CCS 'Ukuhlolwa Kokufaneleka Kwenqubo Ye-Welding Yemikhumbi' (inani lezikhathi zokuphinda kusetshenzwe kabusha endaweni efanayo akumele lidlule izikhathi ezi-2). Ngemuva kokusebenza kabusha, ukuhlolwa kwe-UT/RT kufanele kwenziwe futhi.

Isiphetho

Imininingwane yobuchwepheshe ebekwe yi-China Classification Society yenqubo yokubumba izimpande zokushisela ezinhlangothini ezimbili 'kuyizingqinamba eziqinile' zekhwalithi yokwakhiwa komkhumbi. Ngokufanisa izinto ezibonakalayo, ukulungiswa kwe-groove, ukulawula inqubo yokususa izimpande, nokuhlolwa okuqinile, kungenzeka ukuqinisekisa ngempumelelo ukungena okugcwele kwe-weld seam, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwesakhiwo somkhumbi.