Ezindaweni zobunjiniyela ezisindayo ezifana namabhuloho, izitshalo ezinkulu zezimboni, imibhoshongo ye-turbine yomoya, amapulatifomu asogwini, izinsiza zezimayini, namaphrojekthi wamandla, izakhiwo zensimbi zisetshenziswa kabanzi njengezinhlelo eziyinhloko ezithwala imithwalo ngenxa yamandla azo aphezulu, ikhono lesikhathi eside, ukusebenza kahle kokwakhiwa, kanye nokuguquguquka kokuklama.

Lawa maphrojekthi abeka izidingo ezinzima kakhulu kumthamo wokuthwala umthwalo, ukunemba kobukhulu, ikhwalithi yokuxhuma, ukumelana nokukhathala, nokuzinza okuphelele kwezingxenye zensimbi. Izindlela ezivamile zokwenziwa kwensimbi zingase zibangele ukuchezuka kobukhulu, ikhwalithi yokushisela engahambisani, ubunzima bokuhlanganisa, noma ukucindezeleka okusalela ngokweqile, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile zamaphrojekthi anzima.

Ubuchwepheshe bokwenziwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi enembe kakhulu buhlanganisa ukwakheka kwedijithali, ukunemba kwemishini, ukukhiqiza okuzenzakalelayo, ukuhlanganisa okunembile, ukushisela okulawulwayo, nokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yenqubo ephelele. Ithuthukisa kakhulu ukunemba kwe-dimensional, ukwethembeka kokuxhumeka, kanye nokuvumelana kokusebenza kwezingxenye zensimbi.

Ngokufanisa ngokunembile izidingo zesakhiwo, ezithwala imithwalo, nezokuphepha zamaphrojekthi wobunjiniyela obusindayo, ukwakhiwa okunembayo kunikeza isisekelo esiqinile sekhwalithi yokwakha, ukusebenza kahle kokufaka, ukuzinza kwesakhiwo, nokusebenza kwesevisi yesikhathi eside.

Lesi sihloko sichaza ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile obusetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwesakhiwo sensimbi enembe kakhulu futhi sihlola ukuthi buthuthukisa kanjani ukuqina kwesakhiwo futhi buhlangabezane nezidingo ezidingekayo zamaphrojekthi wobunjiniyela obusindayo.

1. Ubuchwepheshe Obubalulekile Ekwenzeni Isakhiwo Sensimbi Enembayo Ephakeme

Ukwakhiwa kwensimbi enembayo kusekelwe ezimisweni ezintathu eziyisisekelo:

• Ukulawula ubukhulu obunembile

• Izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezicwengisisiwe

• Ukulandeleka kwekhwalithi yenqubo egcwele

Inqubo yokwenziwa ihlanganisa ukukhethwa kwezinto, idizayini yedijithali, ukusika nokuvala, ukubunjwa, ukuhlanganisa, ukushisela, ukuphathwa kwendawo, ukuhlolwa kobukhulu, nokulethwa kokugcina.

Isigaba ngasinye kufanele silawulwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izingxenye zensimbi eziqediwe zihlangabezana nemininingwane yedizayini esebenzayo, izindinganiso zobunjiniyela, nezidingo zokufakwa.

1.1 Idizayini Yedijithali kanye Nokukhethwa Kwezinto Okunembile

Idizayini yedijithali enembile kanye nokukhethwa kwezinto ezifanele kuyizisekelo zokwenziwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi enembe kakhulu.

I-BIM, i-Tekla Structures, nobunye ubuchwepheshe bokumodela obunezinhlangothi ezintathu bungasetshenziswa ukudala amamodeli edijithali anemininingwane yezakhiwo zensimbi. Lawa mamodeli abonisa ngokucacile ubukhulu bezingxenye, izindlela zokuxhuma, izindawo zembobo yebhawodi, imininingwane yokushisela, namanodi okufaka.

Ukumodela kwedijithali kuvumela onjiniyela ukuthi bakhombe ukungqubuzana kwedizayini, izinkinga zokuxhuma, kanye nezingozi zokufakwa ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale ukwenziwa. Iphinde inikeze idatha enembile yokukhiqiza yokusika kwe-CNC, ukuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye, ukushisela, ukuhlolwa, nokufakwa endaweni.

Ngokuya ngezidingo zomthwalo, indawo yokusebenza, namazinga okwakha asebenzayo, amamaki ensimbi yesakhiwo afanelekile kufanele akhethwe. Izinsimbi ezinamandla aphezulu njenge-Q355 ne-Q460 zingasetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi asindayo lapho kudingeka khona amandla aphezulu okuthwala kanye nokusebenza kwesakhiwo.

Zonke izinto zensimbi ezingenayo kufanele zihlolwe ngaphambi kokukhiqiza. Izinqubo zokuhlola ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:

• Ukuqinisekiswa kwesitifiketi esibalulekile

• Ukuhlaziywa kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali

• Ukuhlolwa kwempahla yemishini

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Dimensional

• Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yobuso

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic uma kudingeka

• Ukuhlonza okubalulekile nokulawula ukulandeleka

Ukuhlolwa okuqinile kwezinto ezingenayo kuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhiwo zemishini kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali ensimbi kuhlangabezana nezidingo zephrojekthi, ukuvimbela izinkinga zekhwalithi ukuthi zingangeni enkambisweni yokwenziwa.

1.2 Ukusika Ngokunemba kanye Nokungafaki lutho

Ukusika nokuvala kuphakathi kwezigaba zokuqala zokwenziwa kwensimbi, futhi ukunemba kwazo kuthinta ngokuqondile ukwakheka, ukuhlanganisa, ukushisela, nokufakwa kokugcina.

Imishini yokusika enembe kakhulu ingase ihlanganise:

• Imishini yokusika i-plasma ye-CNC

• Imishini yokusika i-fiber laser

• Imishini yokusika amalangabi ye-CNC

• Amasaha ebhande azenzakalelayo

• Amasistimu wokusika amaphrofayili erobhothi

Indlela yokusika, isinxephezelo se-kerf, isivinini sokusika, ukucindezela kwegesi, okokufaka ukushisa, kanye nokuguqulwa kwamapuleti kufanele kulawulwe ngokuhlelwa kwesofthiwe okulungiselelwe kanye nemingcele yenqubo.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele zokukhiqiza futhi kuye ngokuthi ukujiya kwepuleti nendlela yokusika, ukuchezuka kobukhulu kungase kulawulwe phakathi cishe no-±0.5 mm ngezingxenye ezithile.

Ukusika ngokunemba kusiza ukunciphisa:

• Ukuchezuka kwe-Dimensional

• Ama-burrs amaningi

• Ukunamathela kwe-slag

• Ukuguqulwa kwe-thermal

• Imiphetho engajwayelekile

• Imfucuza yezinto ezibonakalayo

• Sebenza kabusha ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa

Ngemuva kokusika, ingxenye ngayinye kufanele imakwe ngokucacile futhi ihlukaniswe ngokwenombolo yephrojekthi, inombolo yengxenye, ibanga lempahla, kanye nendawo yokufaka.

Ukuhlonza nokugcinwa okufanele kuvimbela ukuxubana kwengxenye, ukulimala kokusingatha, nezinkinga zokulandeleka ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza nokulethwa okulandelayo.

1.3 Ukwakhiwa Nokunemba Komhlangano

Izakhiwo zensimbi esindayo zivame ukuhlanganisa ama-curved, tapered, agoqiwe, agoqiwe, noma ezinye izingxenye ezimise okukhethekile. Ukwakheka nokuhlanganisa okunembile kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi lezi zingxenye ziyahlangabezana nejometri edingekayo.

Izinto zokwakha ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:

• I-CNC hydraulic press brakes

• Imishini yokugoqa amapuleti

• Imishini yokugoba ingxenye

• Imishini yokuqondisa i-hydraulic

• Ukwakheka okukhethekile kuyafa kanye nezakhiwo

Izilawuli zedijithali zingasetshenziselwa ukuphatha ama-engeli agobile, irediya egoqayo, i-curvature yengxenye, nokwenza ukulandelana. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ukuwohloka nokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-geometry yokugcina ihambisana nemidwebo yokuklama.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa nokuhlanganisa, izinto zokubeka, izinkundla zomhlangano, amasistimu okulinganisa ama-laser, iziteshi eziphelele, namajigi akhethekile angasetshenziswa ukuze kuzuzwe ukuqondana okunembile.

Igebe lomhlangano kufanele ligcinwe ngaphakathi kwebanga elishiwo yinqubo yokushisela kanye namazinga wephrojekthi. Ngamajoyini athile ahlanganisiwe, igebe lokufaneleka lingalawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-2 mm, nakuba imfuneko yokugcina kufanele ihlale ilandela imidwebo evunyelwe kanye nokucaciswa kwe-welding.

Ezingxenyeni ezinkulu zensimbi, ukuhlangana kwe-modular kuvame ukutuswa. Amamojula amancane aqala aqoqwe futhi ahlolwe ngawodwana ngaphambi kokuba ahlanganiswe abe isakhiwo esiphelele.

Le ndlela ithuthukisa:

• Ukunemba kwe-dimensional sekukonke

• Ukusebenza kahle komhlangano

• Ukufinyeleleka kokushisela

• Ukushintshwa kwengxenye

• Ukuhlela ezokuthutha

• Ukunemba kokufakwa esizeni

Ukuhlanganiswa kwangaphambili kungase futhi kwenziwe ukuze izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi ziqinisekise ukunemba kokuxhumeka ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.

1.4 I-High-Precision Welding kanye ne-Weld Quality Control

I-Welding ingenye yezinqubo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo sensimbi. Izinga lokuxhuma okushiselwe ngqo lithinta amandla esakhiwo, ukumelana nokukhathala, ukulawula ukuguquguquka, nokuzinza kwesikhathi eside.

Izinqubo zokushisela ezijwayelekile ezisetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwensimbi esindayo zifaka:

• I-arc welding engaphansi kwamanzi

• I-gas metal arc welding

• I-Flux-cored arc welding

• Ukushisela i-arc ngesandla

• Ukushisela amarobhothi

• I-Semi-automatic welding

• I-laser welding yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifanele

Ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale ukushisela, i-welding groove, indawo ehlangene, igebe lomhlangano, nokuqondanisa kwengxenye kufanele kuhlolwe ngokucophelela futhi kuhlanzwe.

Imisebenzi yokushisela kufanele iqhutshwe ngokulandela Imibandela Yenqubo Yokushisela egunyaziwe. Izisebenzi zokushisela kufanele futhi zibe neziqu ezidingekayo ngokwezinga elisebenzayo lephrojekthi.

Amapharamitha we-welding abalulekile afaka:

• Welding current

• I-voltage ye-arc

• Isivinini sokushisela

• Okokufaka kokushisa

• Ukushisa kwangaphambi kokushisa

• Izinga lokushisa le-Interpass

• Ukulandelana kwe-welding

• Inombolo yamaphasi we-welding

Ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela nokulawula inqubo kusiza ekuvimbeleni izinkinga zokushisela ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuntuleka kwe-fusion

• Ukungena okungaphelele

• I-Porosity

• Imifantu

• Ukufakwa kwe-Slag

• Ukusika ngaphansi

• I-deformation eyeqile

Ezingxenyeni ezishiselwe ezinde noma eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukulandelana kwe-welding okuthuthukisiwe kufanele kuthuthukiswe ukuze kulinganiswe okokufaka ukushisa futhi kuncishiswe ingcindezi eyinsalela nokuhlanekezela.

Ngemuva kokushisela, ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kanye nokuhlolwa okungabhubhisi kufanele kwenziwe ngokwezinga lekhwalithi elidingekayo.

Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuhlola ezingalimazi zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Radiographic

• Ukuhlolwa kwezinhlayiyana zikamagnetic

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Penetrant

Lezi zindlela zokuhlola zisiza ukukhomba ukukhubazeka kwangaphakathi nangaphezulu ngaphandle kokulimaza izingxenye zensimbi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-weld abalulekile ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi ezishiwo.

1.5 Ukwelashwa Okuphezulu Nokuqinisekiswa Kwe-Dimensional Final

Ukwelashwa okungaphezulu kuvikela izingxenye zensimbi ekugqwaleni futhi kwandise impilo yazo yesevisi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasolwandle, ezinomswakama, ezibandayo, ezinothuli, zezimboni, noma ezinolaka lwamakhemikhali.

Ngokuya ngendawo yephrojekthi, izindlela ezilandelayo zokuvikela indawo zingasetshenziswa:

• Ukuqhuma kwesibhamu

• Ukuqhunyiswa kwesihlabathi

• Isicelo se-Anti-corrosion primer

• I-Multi-layer yokuzivikela

• Ukunamathela okumelana nomlilo

• I-hot-dip galvanizing

• Ukufutha ngensimbi

• Izinhlelo zokuvikela ezisezingeni lasolwandle

Ngaphambi kokumboza, indawo yensimbi kufanele ihlanzwe ibe yibanga elishiwo lokulungiselela. Uwoyela, amafutha, ukugqwala, i-welding spatter, uthuli, nokunye ukungcola kufanele kususwe.

Inqubo yokumboza kufanele ilawulwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe:

• Ukujiya kwe-uniform coating

• Ukunamathela okuqinile

• Ukumbozwa okuphelele kwendawo

• Ukomisa nokwelashwa okufanele

• Ukumelana nokugqwala okwanele

• Ukuhambisana nesistimu yokumboza eshiwo

Ukuqina kwefilimu eyomile, ukuhlanzeka kwendawo, izimo zemvelo, nokunamathela kokunamathela kufanele kuhlolwe futhi kurekhodwe.

Ngemuva kokwakhiwa, imishini yokulinganisa enembayo kufanele isetshenziselwe ukuqinisekisa ijometri yokugcina yengxenye ngayinye.

Amathuluzi okulinganisa ajwayelekile afaka:

• Izikena ze-laser ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu

• Ama-trackers we-Laser

• Iziteshi eziphelele

• Amathuluzi okulinganisa edijithali

• Izifanekiso zokuhlola ezikhethekile

Ukuhlolwa kufanele kufake izilinganiso ezibucayi ezifana nalezi:

• Ubude nobubanzi bengxenye

• Ubukhulu be-cross-sectional

• Ukuqondile

• Ukucaba

• Ukuma

• Ijika

• Isikhala se-Bolt-hole

• Indawo yepuleti lokuxhuma

• Ukunemba kokusebenzelana komhlangano

• I-geometry yengxenye ephelele

Noma iyiphi ingxenye engahlangabezani nokubekezelelana okudingekayo kufanele ilungiswe ngaphambi kokuba ingene esigabeni sokupakisha nokulethwa.

Ukuqinisekiswa kobukhulu bokugcina kusiza ukuvimbela ukungqubuzana kokufakwa, ukulungiswa ngokweqile kwendawo, nokubambezeleka phakathi nokwakhiwa.

2. Indlela Ukwenziwa Okunembayo Okuphezulu Kwenza Kanjani Ukuzinza Kwesakhiwo

Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi enembe kakhulu kuthuthukisa ukunemba kwengxenye, ikhwalithi yokuxhumeka, nokuvumelana kokusebenza. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwezakhiwo zobunjiniyela ezisindayo ngezindlela ezimbalwa ezibalulekile.

2.1 Ukunciphisa Ukugxila Kwengcindezi

Ukuchezuka kwe-Dimensional, izikhala ezingalingani zokuxhumeka, nokuqondanisa okungalungile kwengxenye kungase kubangele ingcindezi yokufaka eyengeziwe kanye nokugxila kwengcindezi yendawo.

Ukwenziwa okunemba okuphezulu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ubukhulu bengxenye nezindawo zokuxhuma zihambisana nezidingo zedizayini. Ukushisela okunembile nokuhlanganiswa nakho kuvumela imithwalo ukuthi idluliselwe ngokulinganayo phakathi kwemishayo, amakholomu, ama-braces, ama-trusses, namanodi okuxhumana.

Lokhu kunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwendawo okwedlulele futhi kuthuthukisa ukuzinza okuphelele kokuthwala umthwalo wesakhiwo.

Kumabhuloho, izitshalo zezimboni, imibhoshongo yenjini yomoya, nezinkundla ezingasogwini ezihlala zichayeka emithwalweni engashintshi futhi eguquguqukayo, ukudluliswa komthwalo okunembile kubaluleke kakhulu.

2.2 Ukuthuthukisa Ubuqotho Besakhiwo kanye Nokumelana Nokuguqulwa

Umhlangano onembile kanye nokushisela okulawulwayo kuvumela izingxenye zensimbi ngazinye ukuba zenze uhlelo oluqinile noludidiyelwe lwesakhiwo.

Ukwenziwa okunembayo okuphezulu kunciphisa izikhala zoxhumano, ukungaqondani kahle kwengxenye, nokunyakaza okuhlobene phakathi kwamalungu axhunyiwe. Iphinde ilawule ukuguqulwa kokwenziwa ukuze isakhiwo esiqediwe sifinyelele isimo sokucindezeleka esihlosiwe ngemva kokufakwa.

Ngenxa yalokho, isakhiwo singanikeza ukumelana okuthuthukisiwe ku:

• Umoya ulayisha

• Imithwalo yokuzamazama komhlaba

• Imithwalo enamandla

• Ukudlidliza

• Ukuxazulula

• I-Torsion

• Ukugoba i-deformation

• Ukukhathala kuyalayisha

Lokhu kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okuphephile nokuzinzile kwezakhiwo ezisindayo kuyo yonke impilo yazo yesevisi.

2.3 Ukunciphisa Ubungozi Besondlo Nokwelula Impilo Yesevisi

Ikhwalithi ethembekile yokushisela nokuvikela indawo efanayo kusiza ukunciphisa ukugqwala, ukuqhekeka, ukulimala kokukhathala, nokonakala ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ubukhulu bezingxenye ezinembile nezixhumi ezibonakalayo kunciphisa isidingo sokulungiswa okubanzi, ukusika, noma ukushisela kabusha ngesikhathi sokufakwa.

Lokhu kungehlisa izidingo zokulungisa zesikhathi esizayo futhi kunciphise amathuba okuba khona kokukhubazeka okubangelwa ukuguqulwa okungalawuleki kwendawo.

Ngokuthuthukisa ukungaguquguquki nokuqina kokukhiqiza, ukwenziwa okunembayo okuphezulu kunomthelela kulokhu:

• Izindleko zokunakekela eziphansi

• Impilo ende yesevisi

• Imvamisa yokulungisa eyehlisiwe

• Ukuphepha kokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe

• Ukusebenza kwesakhiwo okubikezelwa okwengeziwe

3. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kumaphrojekthi wobunjiniyela obunzima

Amaphrojekthi wobunjiniyela asebenza kanzima abandakanya izingxenye ezinkulu, imithwalo ephezulu, indawo eyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nezidingo zokufakwa eziqinile.

Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi enembayo ephezulu kungashintshwa ukuze kuhambisane nalezi zimo ngomklamo okhethekile wenqubo nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi.

3.1 Ukuhlangabezana Nezimfuneko Zesikhathi Eside Nomthwalo Osindayo

Amabhuloho, izindawo zokusebenzela ezinkulu zezimboni, izimboni zikagesi, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla, nezindawo zokuthutha ngokuvamile zidinga izingxenye zensimbi ezithatha isikhathi eside kanye nezinhlelo zokuthwala imithwalo ephezulu.

Ukwenziwa okunembayo okuphezulu kwenza abakhiqizi bakwazi ukukhiqiza imishayo emikhulu, amakholomu, ama-trusses, amabhande amabhokisi, kanye nezingxenye zesakhiwo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezinejiyomethri elawulwayo kanye nokusebenza okungaguquki kwemishini.

Ngokubala okunembile kwesakhiwo, ukukhethwa kwempahla, ukusika, ukuhlanganisa, ukushisela, nokuhlola, lezi zingxenye zingamelana ngokuphepha ukugoba, ukugunda, ukucindezelwa, ukushuba, namandla okugoqa.

Kumaphrojekthi achayeke emithwalweni eguqukayo, njengemibhoshongo yenjini yomoya nezinkundla zasogwini, i-welding enembile nokulawula ubukhulu nakho kuthuthukisa ukumelana nokukhathala.

Lokhu kuvumela izingxenye zesakhiwo ukuthi zimelane nokulayishwa komjikelezo wesikhathi eside okubangelwa umoya, amagagasi, ukusebenza kwezisetshenziswa, ithrafikhi, noma imishini ezungezisayo.

3.2 Ukuzivumelanisa Nezimo Eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye Nezimo Zokufaka

Amapulatifomu angasogwini, izinsiza ezisogwini, amaphrojekthi wamandla omoya asendaweni ephakeme, amaphrojekthi ezimayini, kanye nezinsiza zamandla ngokuvamile zisebenza endaweni enzima.

Izingxenye zensimbi zingavezwa ku:

• Isifutho sikasawoti

• Umswakama ophezulu

• Amazinga okushisa aphansi

• Imisebe ye-ultraviolet enamandla

• Uthuli nesihlabathi

• Ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali

• Imithwalo yomoya omkhulu

• Isikhala sokufaka esilinganiselwe

Ukwenziwa okunembe kakhulu kuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwemvelo ngokukhethwa kwezinto ezifanele, amasistimu okuvikela ukugqwala, idizayini yokuxhuma evalekile, nokuxhumana okunembile kwezingxenye.

Ngenxa yokuthi izingxenye ezakhiwe ngokunembile zinokuchezuka kobukhulu obuncane, kulula ukuzifaka ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima zesayithi.

Lokhu kunciphisa inani lokusika, ukubhoboza, ukulungisa, kanye nokushisela kabusha okudingekayo esizeni, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokufaka nokusiza iphrojekthi igcine izindinganiso zayo zekhwalithi ngisho nasezimweni eziyinselele.

3.3 Ukusekela Ukwakhiwa Kwemojuli

Imiklamo yesimanje yobunjiniyela obusindayo iya ngokuya isebenzisa izindlela zokwakha eziyimojuli ukuze ifinyeze izikhathi zokwakha futhi ithuthukise ukulawulwa kwephrojekthi.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-modular kudinga izinga eliphezulu lokushintshwa kwengxenye kanye nokunemba kokuxhumana.

Ukwenziwa okunembe okuphezulu kunika amandla ukukhiqizwa okujwayelekile nokuphindaphindwayo, okuqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye zeqoqo elifanayo zinezilinganiso ezingaguquki kanye nezindawo zokuxhuma ezihambisanayo.

Lokhu kusekela:

• Ukuhlangana ngokushesha endaweni

• Ukuxhumeka kwemojuli okunembile

• Amaphutha okufaka ancishisiwe

• Amashejuli okwakha amafushane

• Ukuvumelana kwekhwalithi engcono

• Ukuzinza kwesakhiwo okuthuthukisiwe

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-modular okusekelwe embonini nakho kudlulisa umsebenzi wokwakha owengeziwe usuka endaweni yephrojekthi uyiswe endaweni elawulwayo yokukhiqiza, unciphisa umthelela wesimo sezulu, imikhawulo yesayithi, nokuhlukahluka kwabasebenzi.

4. Okucatshangelwayo Okubalulekile Ngokusebenzisa Ubuchwepheshe Bokwenziwa Okunembayo Okuphezulu

Ukuze uthole izinzuzo ezigcwele zokwenziwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi enembayo ephezulu, abakhiqizi namaqembu ephrojekthi kufanele bacabangele lezi zidingo ezilandelayo.

4.1 Sungula Uhlelo Olugcwele Lokulawula Ikhwalithi

Izindawo zokuhlola ikhwalithi kufanele zisungulwe kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukwamukela impahla eluhlaza

• Ukulungiselela izinto ezibonakalayo

• Ukusika

• Ukubumba

• Umhlangano

• Ukushisela

• Ukuhlola okungonakali

• Ukwelashwa kwendawo

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Dimensional

• Ukupakisha nokulethwa

Amarekhodi okuhlola nokuhlola kufanele agcinwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulandeleka okugcwele.

Izinto zokuhlola ezinembayo kufanele zisetshenziselwe izingxenye ezibalulekile, futhi imikhiqizo engavumelani kufanele ikhonjwe, ibekwe yodwa, ilungiswe, futhi ihlolwe kabusha ngaphambi kokulethwa.

4.2 Qinisa Ukuqeqeshwa Kwezobuchwepheshe

Ama-operators kufanele aqeqeshwe ngendlela efanele ekusebenziseni imishini ye-CNC, izinhlelo zokuhlela zedijithali, izinto zokushisela, izinsimbi zokulinganisa, namathuluzi okuhlola ikhwalithi.

Kufanele futhi baqonde imidwebo esebenzayo, ukubekezelelwa kokwenziwa, izinqubo zokushisela, amazinga okuhlola, nezidingo zokusebenza kwemishini.

Ukuqeqeshwa okuphumelelayo kunciphisa iphutha lomuntu futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi imishini ethuthukisiwe ingaletha izinga elilindelekile lokunemba.

4.3 Khetha Izinqubo Nezisetshenziswa Ezifanelekile

Ukukhiqizwa okunembayo okuphezulu akusho ukuthi imishini ebiza kakhulu noma eseqophelweni eliphezulu kufanele isetshenziselwe yonke iphrojekthi.

Indlela yokukhiqiza kufanele ikhethwe ngokuya ngale ndlela:

• Usayizi wengxenye

• Ibanga lensimbi

• Ukujiya kwepuleti

• Ubunkimbinkimbi besakhiwo

• Ukubekezelelana okudingekayo

• Inani lokukhiqiza

• Izidingo zokushisela

• Isheduli yephrojekthi

• Izindinganiso zekhwalithi

Ibhalansi efanelekile kufanele izuzwe phakathi kokunemba kokwakhiwa, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, izindleko zephrojekthi, kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe.

4.4 Ukudidiyela Ukwakhiwa Nokufakwa

Amaqembu abakhi kanye nokufaka kufanele axhumane ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhiqiza.

Umkhiqizi kufanele aqonde ukulandelana kokwakha, indlela yokuphakamisa, imikhawulo yezokuthutha, ukufinyelela kwesayithi, izidingo zosekelo zesikhashana, nendawo yokufaka.

Imininingwane yokuxhuma, izindawo zokuphakamisa, ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye, ubukhulu bezokuthutha, nokubekezelela ukufakwa kufanele kubuyekezwe ngesikhathi sokuklama kanye nezigaba zemininingwane.

Lokhu kuhlanganisa kuqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye eziqediwe zingathuthwa, ziphakanyiswe, zibekwe endaweni ethile, futhi zixhunywe kahle endaweni yephrojekthi.

5. Isiphetho

Ubuchwepheshe bokwenziwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi enembayo buthuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo ukunemba kobukhulu, ukwethembeka kokuxhumeka, nokuzinza kokusebenza kwezingxenye zensimbi ngokuklama kwedijithali, ukukhanda okunembile, ukushisela okulawulwayo, ukuhlolwa okuthuthukisiwe, nokuphathwa kwekhwalithi yenqubo ephelele.

Inani layo eliyinhloko lisekuthuthukiseni umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo, ubuqotho besakhiwo, ukusebenza kahle kokufaka, ukuguquguquka kwemvelo, nokuzinza kwesikhathi eside kwamaphrojekthi wobunjiniyela asebenza kanzima.

Kumabhuloho, izinsiza zezimboni ezinkulu, imibhoshongo yenjini yomoya, amapulatifomu asogwini lolwandle, amaphrojekthi kagesi, nezinye izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukusetshenziswa okufanele kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obunembayo bungakwazi:

• Thuthukisa ukuphepha kwesakhiwo

• Yehlisa amaphutha okufaka

• Nciphisa amashejuli okwakha

• Nciphisa ukuguqulwa kwesayithi

• Izindleko zokunakekela eziphansi

• Nweba impilo yesevisi yesakhiwo

Njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwedijithali, ukuzenzekelayo, i-BIM, ukushisela okuhlakaniphile, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuhlola bezinhlangothi ezintathu buqhubeka buthuthuka, ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi enembe kakhulu kuzosebenza kahle, kuhlakaniphe, futhi kulandeleke.

Kumaphrojekthi esindayo njengamapulatifomu angasogwini, amabhuloho amade, izitshalo zezimboni, nezakhiwo zamandla omoya, izinqubo zokwenziwa kufanele zithuthukiswe ngokuya ngemingcele ethile yokuklama, indawo yokusebenza, izindinganiso zokwakha, nezimo zokufakwa kwephrojekthi ngayinye.

Ukusebenza nenkampani enolwazi lobunjiniyela besakhiwo sensimbi kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke ingxenye ihlangabezana nezidingo zephrojekthi, ikhwalithi, ukuphepha, kanye nokulethwa.