Izakhiwo zensimbi zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezakhiweni eziphakeme kakhulu ngenxa yamandla azo aphezulu, isisindo somzimba esiphansi uma kuqhathaniswa, isivinini sokumisa ngokushesha, kanye nomklamo wesakhiwo oguquguqukayo. Kodwa-ke, ukwakhiwa kwensimbi ephakeme kakhulu kudinga ukuxhumana okuqinile phakathi kokumiswa kwensimbi, imisebenzi kakhonkolo, izinhlelo zokuxhuma, nokufakwa kodonga.

Izigaba ezilandelayo zethula izindlela zokwakha eziyinhloko ezivame ukusetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi wesakhiwo sensimbi ephakeme kakhulu.

1. Ukufakwa Kwesakhiwo Sensimbi

Ukufakwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi kungenye yezigaba ezibaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni okuphezulu. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ngokuvamile uhlanganisa ukumiswa kwekholomu yensimbi, ukufakwa kwensimbi yensimbi, ukuxhunywa kwebhawodi enamandla amakhulu, kanye nokushisela kwe-stud.

1.1 Ukufakwa Kwekholomu Yebhokisi

Amakholomu ebhokisi avame ukusetshenziswa njengamalungu amakhulu athwala imithwalo ezakhiweni zensimbi eziphakeme ngenxa yamandla azo amangalisayo nokuzinza.

Inqubo yokufaka ngokuvamile ihlanganisa:

1. Ukuthengwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo nokuhlolwa

2. Ukwenziwa kwensimbi nokwelashwa kwendawo

3. Ukuthutha ukuya endaweni yokwakha

4. Ukuphakamisa nokubeka

5. Ukuxhumana nokuqondanisa kokugcina

Ngaphambi kokufaka ama-anti-corrosion coatings, ukugqwala, uwoyela, izinsalela zokushisela, nokunye ukungcola kufanele kususwe ngokuphelele endaweni yensimbi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunamathela okufanele kwe-corrosion kanye nokuvikela ukugqwala kwesikhathi eside.

Ngesikhathi sokumiswa, ukuma, ukuma, ukuphakama, nokunemba kokuxhumana kwekholomu yebhokisi ngalinye kufanele kuhlolwe ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokufakwa kwamalungu esakhiwo alandelayo.

1.2 Ukufakwa Kwensimbi Yensimbi

Ukufakwa kwensimbi yensimbi ngokuvamile kungahlukaniswa ngokumiswa kogodo okuyinhloko, ukumiswa kogodo lwesibili, nokufakwa kwe-perimeter.

Ngemva kokuba amakholomu ensimbi endaweni yesakhiwo amisiwe futhi avikelwe okwesikhashana, imishayo eyinhloko ingaphakanyiswa futhi ixhunywe ukuze kwakhe uhlaka lwesakhiwo oluzinzile.

Kuye ngosayizi nesisindo samalungu, amandla okuphakamisa, izimo zesayithi, nendawo yokusebenza etholakalayo, imishayo eminingi ingase igoqwe futhi iphakanyiswe ndawonye lapho kufanele khona. Imishayo yesibili namanye amalungu esakhiwo amancane ngokuvamile aphakanyiswa ngawodwana ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kokuma nokuphepha kokwakhiwa.

Kuyo yonke inqubo yokufaka, ukuphakama kwebhilidi, ukuqondanisa, indawo yokuxhuma, kanye nokuzinza okuphelele kohlaka kufanele kuhlolwe ngokuqhubekayo.

1.3 Ukufakwa Kwebholidi Enamandla Aphezulu

Amabhawodi anamandla aphezulu asetshenziswa kakhulu ekuxhumekeni kwensimbi yesakhiwo ngoba ahlinzeka ngokudluliswa komthwalo okuthembekile, ukufakwa okulula, nokusebenza kahle kokwakhiwa.

Emabhilidini ensimbi aphakeme kakhulu, ukuxhunyaniswa kwamabholidi anamandla aphezulu ohlobo lwe-friction luvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuxhuma imishayo, amakholomu, namanye amalungu amakhulu esakhiwo.

Inqubo yokufaka ejwayelekile ihlanganisa:

• Ukufakwa kwebholidi kanye nokuma kokuqala

• Ukuqina kokuqala

• Ukuhlola ukuqondanisa

• Ukuqiniswa kokugcina

• Ukuhlolwa kokuxhumana kokugcina

Amathuluzi akhethekile afana nama-torque wrenches alinganisiwe noma okokusebenza okuqinile okuqinile okuqinile kufanele kusetshenziswe ngokuvumelana nesistimu yebhawodi eshiwo.

Ukulandelana kokuqinisa okudingekayo kanye ne-torque kufanele kulandele ukucaciswa kwephrojekthi kanye namazinga onjiniyela asebenzayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa kwamandla afanayo ngoxhumano.

1.4 I-Shear Stud Welding

I-Shear stud welding idlala indima ebalulekile ezakhiweni eziyinhlanganisela zensimbi-ukhonkolo. Izikhonkwane zihlinzeka ngoxhumano lwemishini phakathi kwemishayo yensimbi nama-slabs aphansi kakhonkolo, okuvumela izinto ezimbili ukuthi zisebenze ndawonye njengohlelo lwesakhiwo esiyinhlanganisela.

Izindlela ezimbili zokufaka ezijwayelekile yilezi:

• Izikhonkwane zokushisela ngqo phezu kwe-flange ephezulu yensimbi yensimbi

• Izikhonkwane zokushisela ngensimbi enephrofayili ehlotshiswe phezu kwensimbi yensimbi

Ngaphambi kokushisela, indawo yensimbi kufanele ihlanzeke futhi ingabi nokugqwala ngokweqile, umswakama, upende, uwoyela, noma okunye ukungcola.

Ngemva kokufakwa, izikhonkwane ezishiselwe kufanele zihlolwe ngokuvumelana nezidingo zekhwalithi yephrojekthi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho be-welding kanye nokuthembeka kokuxhuma.

2. Ukwakha Ukhonkolo

Emaphrojekthi esakhiwo sensimbi ephakeme kakhulu, ukwakhiwa kokhonkolo kuvame ukuhlanganiswa nesistimu yokufaka insimbi.

Imisebenzi ejwayelekile yokhonkolo ihlanganisa:

• Ama-slabs aphansi kakhonkolo afakwa endaweni

• Izindonga zikakhonkolo eziqinisiwe

• Amakholomu ensimbi agcwele ukhonkolo noma amakholomu ebhokisi

Amasistimu aphansi kakhonkolo angase asebenzise ukudeka kwensimbi okunephrofayili noma umsebenzi wesikhashana osekelwa uhlaka lwensimbi. Khona-ke ukuqinisa kuyafakwa ngaphambi kokubeka ukhonkolo.

Kumakholomu ebhokisi agcwaliswe ukhonkolo, ukhonkolo angase aphonswe kukholamu kusukela phansi kuya phezulu. Le ndlela yokumpompa iphansi phezulu ingasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuminyana kukakhonkolo futhi inciphise ubungozi bezikhala ngaphakathi kwekholomu yensimbi.

Ngesikhathi sokupompa, ingcindezi yangaphakathi yekholomu yensimbi kufanele iqashwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ihlala ngaphakathi kwebanga lokuklama elivumelekile.

Idizayini yokuxutshwa kukakhonkolo, ukugeleza, ukusebenza kokumpompa, nokusebenza kahle kufanele futhi kulawulwe ngendlela efanele ngokuya ngedizayini yesakhiwo kanye nezidingo zokwakha.

3. Ukufakwa Kwephaneli Yangaphandle Yangaphandle

Amaphaneli e-Autoclaved Lightweight Concrete (ALC) avame ukusetshenziswa njengamasistimu odonga angaphandle ezakhiweni zesakhiwo sensimbi ngoba anesisindo esincane, amelana nomlilo, asebenza kahle ngokushisa, futhi alungele ukuzifaka.

Isibonelo, amaphaneli odonga we-ALC angaphandle angase abe nogqinsi olulinganiselwa ku-175 mm kuye ngezidingo zephrojekthi.

Amaphaneli ajwayele ukwakhiwa embonini, athuthelwe endaweni yokwakha, futhi aphakanyiswe endaweni kusetshenziswa okhreyini be-tower cranes noma ezinye izinto ezifanelekile zokuphakamisa.

Ukufakwa kufanele kulandele ngokuqinile imidwebo yesitolo egunyaziwe kanye neziqondiso zomkhiqizi wamaphaneli.

Umsebenzi wokuxhumana ojwayelekile uhlanganisa:

• Ukubeka amaphaneli e-ALC

• Ukulungisa ama-engeli ensimbi noma amalungu asekelayo

• Ukufaka izixhumi zephaneli ezizinikele namahange

• Ilungisa ukuqondanisa kwephaneli nokuma kwayo

• Ukugcwalisa amalunga ephaneli ngodaka olufanele

• Ukufaka i-sealant ukunikeza ukuvikeleka kwesimo sezulu

Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe kumalunga, ukuvuleka, amakhona, nezindawo zokuxhuma ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvinjelwa kwamanzi okuhle, ukuqina, nokusebenza kodonga jikelele.

4. Ukufakwa Kwephaneli Yangaphakathi Yangaphakathi

Izindonga zokuhlukanisa zangaphakathi zingasebenzisa amaphaneli e-ALC. Ugqinsi olujwayelekile lwephaneli yangaphakathi lungacishe lube ngu-125 mm, kuye ngezidingo zokuklama.

Lawa maphaneli akhiqizwa efekthri futhi athuthelwa endaweni yokwakha ukuze afakwe.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindonga zendabuko zamatshe, amaphaneli e-ALC akhiwe ngaphambili anganikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukufakwa okusheshayo

• Umsebenzi wokwakha omanzi owehlisiwe

• Umthwalo ophansi wesakhiwo

• Ukumelana nomlilo okuhle

• Ukwenziwa ngcono kwekhono lokwakha

• Ukuncika kancane ezimeni zezulu

Inqubo yokufaka ngokuvamile ifana neyamaphaneli e-ALC angaphandle, okuhlanganisa ukuma, ukumisa ihange, ukuxhuma, ukuphathwa ngokuhlanganyela, nokubeka uphawu.

Ezindlini zokugezela nezinye izindawo ezichayeke kumswakama, izinto ezifanele ezingangeni manzi kanye nama-sealant akhethekile kufanele kufakwe emajoyini nasezindaweni zokuxhuma ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nomswakama kanye nokuqina.

Isiphetho

Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zensimbi eziphakeme kakhulu kudinga ukubambisana okuseduze phakathi kokwakhiwa kwensimbi, ukuxhuma okuboshiwe nokushiselwe, ukwakhiwa kukakhonkolo, nezinhlelo zodonga ezenziwe ngaphambili.

Kusukela kukholomu yebhokisi kanye nokufakwa kwensimbi yensimbi kuya ekuxhumekeni kwe-bolt yamandla aphezulu, i-stud welding, ukubeka ukhonkolo, nokufakwa kodonga lwe-ALC, isigaba ngasinye sokwakha kufanele silawulwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kwesakhiwo, ukuphepha, ikhwalithi, nokusebenza kwesikhathi eside.

Ukwenziwa kochwepheshe, ukufakwa kwesayithi okunembile, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi eqinile, nokuxhumana okuphumelelayo kwephrojekthi kubalulekile ekulethweni ngempumelelo kwemiklamo yesakhiwo sensimbi ephakeme kakhulu.