Alamar walda Cikakkun bayanai: Fassarar Dangane da Standard GB/T 10044-2006 Alamomin walda sune ainihin dillali don watsa bayanan tsarin walda a fagage irin su masana'antar dandamali na ketare, injiniyan tsarin ƙarfe na dandamali na teku, da tasoshin matsin lamba. Ta hanyar daidaitattun zane-zane, haruffa, da lambobi, suna bayyana daidai siffa, girman, matsayi, da buƙatun sarrafa walda, kuma sune mahimman takaddar fasaha don jagorantar samar da walda da tabbatar da inganci. Wannan labarin, a hade tare da daidaitattun GB/T 10044-2006 'Hanyoyin Wakilci na Alamomin Welding', yana ba da cikakken bincike game da abubuwan da aka haɗa, ƙa'idodin annotation, da aikace-aikacen yau da kullun na alamomin walda.

Wannan labarin yana mai da hankali kan taƙaitaccen alamar walda da aka ambata a sama. Idan akwai wani bayanin da ba daidai ba, muna gayyatar duk shugabanni da gaske don ba da jagora. Na gode!! Idan kuna son wannan labarin, da fatan za a bar masu bi.

Ⅰ. Mahimman abubuwan da aka haɗa na alamomin walda: Baseline da matsayi na kibiya

Asalin tsarin alamar walda ya ƙunshi tushe da kibiya, waɗanda tare ke ƙayyade matsayi da alkiblar walda, kuma suna aiki azaman mai ɗaukar hoto don duk ƙarin bayani:

1. Baseline

A kwance m line (ko dashed line, amfani da wadanda ba karfe waldi) an raba zuwa cikin kibiya gefen (karshen kusa da kibiya) da kuma daya gefen (karshen nesa da kibiya). Lokacin da aka rarraba welds a ɓangarorin biyu na kibiya, ya kamata a yi alama alamar a bangarorin biyu na layin tunani; idan gefe ɗaya kawai aka welded, alamar tana a gefen layin ma'anar kusa da kibiya.

Hali na musamman: Lokacin da sashin ya kasance bakin ciki sosai kuma ba zai yiwu a sanya alamar bayanan gefen kibiya ba, za a iya cire wutsiya na kibiya (kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin kwatancin, 'Za a iya barin wutsiyar kibiya lokacin da babu ƙarin bayani'). Koyaya, dole ne tushen tushen ya zama cikakke.

2. Kibiya

Nuna wurin kabuwar walda. Jagoran kibiya ya kamata ya zama perpendicular ko karkata zuwa saman yanki na weld (daidai da dangantakar tsinkaya), kuma matsayin dangi na kibiya zuwa gefen waldawar yanki yakamata ya nuna ainihin yankin walda (alal misali, kibiya ta alamar weld da'irar ' tana nuni da walƙiyar kewaye).

Lura: Idan an musanya kibiya da wutsiya, ma'anar alamar na iya canzawa (kamar bambanci tsakanin walda mai gefe ɗaya da walƙiya mai fuska biyu). Lokacin yin alama, wajibi ne a bi ka'idodin tsari sosai.

Ⅱ. Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ma'auni na Girman Haɗin gwiwar Welding da Buƙatun Gudanarwa

Ana amfani da haruffa da lambobi sama ko ƙasa da tushe (dangane da matsayi na alamomin) don ƙididdige ma'auni na geometric da dabarun sarrafawa na kabu na walda. Abubuwan asali sun haɗa da:

1. Asalin girman walda (S)

Yana nuna kauri ko nisa na walda, wanda aka fi gani a ginshiƙan butt, fillet welds, da dai sauransu. Misali, girman ƙafar walda (Kimar K) na waldar fillet ɗin yana buƙatar alama kusa da alamar walda (F) (kamar yadda aka nuna a ' Girman walƙiya ko Ƙarfin S ' a cikin misalin).

Doka: Idan ma'auni a ɓangarorin biyu na weld iri ɗaya ne, kawai buƙatar yin alama a gefe ɗaya na layin tunani; idan sun kasance asymmetrical, suna buƙatar a yi musu alama a bangarorin biyu bi da bi (misali, '3/4' yana nuna 3mm a gefe ɗaya da 4mm a wancan gefe).

2. Tsagi da ma'auni (R, A, D)

Bevel angle (R): The kusurwar da aka kafa tsakanin saman bevel (kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin 'Bevel Angle and Plug Welding Groove'), yana nufin V-dimbin yawa, U-dimbin yawa, da bevels masu siffar J), wanda aka fi gani a cikin nau'i na V, U-shaped, da bevels masu siffar J, yana rinjayar shigar walda da adadin adadin ƙarfe da aka yi amfani da shi.

Zurfin bevel (D): Nisa na tsaye daga saman bevel zuwa saman kayan tushe (kamar yadda aka nuna a 'zurfin walda a cikin bevel'), ana amfani da shi don sarrafa matakin haɗin tushen.

Tsagi tazarar (A): Wurin da aka keɓe tsakanin abubuwan da aka haɗa biyun a yayin taro (kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin 'Ramin Tsagi, da zurfin cikawa don walda ko walda'), yana tabbatar da cewa sandar walda ko waya na iya faɗaɗa cikin narkakken tafkin.

Zurfin filler: A cikin walƙiya ta tabo ko waldawar ramin, zurfin da ake ajiye ƙarfen filler a cikin rami ko ramin. Wannan ya kamata a yi masa alama tare da ma'aunin rata (misali, 'A = 2mm, zurfin filler ≥ 1.5mm').

3. Alamar kwane-kwane (F)

Mai wakiltar sifar ƙetare na walda tare da takamaiman hoto shine ainihin abin gano alamomin walda (wanda aka nuna a tsakiyar matsayi na adadi). Misali:

Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) ɗinkin walda: Madaidaicin layi ko layin zigzag mai ma'ana;

Weld na Kusurwa: Alwati-angle mai kusurwa-dama (yana nuna alamar walda ta kusurwa) ko alamar walda ta kusurwa;

Spot waldi / Ramin waldi: Rectangular ko trapezoidal siffar.

Masana'antu daban-daban (kamar tasoshin matsin lamba da tsarin ƙarfe) na iya samun cikakkun ƙa'idodi don alamun kwane-kwane, kuma waɗannan yakamata a yi amfani da su tare da takamaiman ƙa'idodi.

4. Bayanin Welding da Bayanin Tsari

Wanda aka yiwa alama a gefen hagu ko dama na layin tushe (kamar yadda aka nuna a 'Hanyoyin walda, ko Wasu Bayani'), abun cikin ya haɗa da:

Lambar hanyar walda (kamar GMAW - Fusion Welding tare da Garkuwar Gas, GTAW - Tungsten Electrode Gas Welding);

Welding halin yanzu, ƙarfin lantarki, waldi gudun (kamar I = 180A, U = 22V, v = 50cm/min);

Matsayin walda (kamar PA - walƙiya lebur, PB - walƙiya a kwance, PC - walƙiya ta tsaye, PD - walƙiya sama);

Kayan walda (kamar E4315 sandunan walda, ER70S-6 waya walda).

Ⅲ. Aikace-aikacen Alamomin Fage Na Musamman: Welding A Wurin, Welding Da'irar da Welding Multi-Layer Welding

Don buƙatun walda na hadaddun tsarin, ma'aunin ya ayyana takamaiman alamomi da yawa, waɗanda ke buƙatar yin lakabi daidai gwargwadon mahallin mahallin:

1. Alamar walda a wurin (da'ira)

Sama da layin kibiya ko layin tunani, zana da'irar (⚪) don nuna cewa wannan weld ɗin yana buƙatar kammalawa a wurin ginin (maimakon a ƙera shi a masana'anta). Ana yawan ganin wannan a haɗar manyan abubuwa a cikin sassan (kamar gadoji, tankunan ajiya) (koma zuwa alamar walda a kan wurin' a cikin kwatancin).

Lura: Ba za a iya amfani da alamun walda a kan yanar gizo kadai ba; dole ne a haɗa su tare da ainihin alamomin walda (misali, ⚪ + F yana wakiltar kan-site weld fillet).

2. Alamar walda madauwari (kibiya kewaye)

Layukan kibiya sun kewaye kewayen walda, kuma suna tare da takamaiman alamomi don nuna walƙiya na shekara-shekara (kamar bututun butt, walda mai ɗaukar flange) (a koma ga alamar walƙiya da'ira' a cikin kwatancin).

Lokacin yin alama, dole ne a nuna tsayin weld (L) ko farar walda (P). Alal misali, 'L = 300mm' yana nuna cewa kowane ɓangaren walda yana da tsayin 300mm.

3. Multi-Layer waldi da adadin weld seams (N)

Lokacin yin walda mai yawa, adadin yadudduka ya kamata a nuna bayan girman walda (misali, '3 × 3mm' yana nuna walƙiya mai Layer 3, kowane Layer yana 3mm).

Hanyoyin walda na musamman kamar walda tabo, waldar kabu, da waldar ingarma suna buƙatar adadin walda don a yiwa alama kusa da tushe (kamar yadda aka nuna ta '(N)'). Misali, '(5)' yana nuna weld tabo guda 5.

Ⅳ. Dokokin Bayani da Nazarin Kuskure na Jama'a

Ƙa'idar alama

Idan an rarraba welds a kowane ɓangarorin kibiyar, kawai girman girman yana buƙatar alama a gefe ɗaya (misali, don walda fillet mai gefe biyu, kawai girman ƙafar walda a gefe ɗaya yana buƙatar alama). Wannan yana guje wa kwafi.

Tsarin fifiko

Lokacin da aka ɗora alamomin, sai a tsara su a cikin tsari mai zuwa: 'Hanyar walda → Ƙayyadaddun sigogi → Tsarin walƙiya → Girma → sigogin tsagi'. Wannan yana tabbatar da bayyanannen matsayi na bayanai (kamar 'GTAW-180A ⚪F-K6-A3').

Bambance tsakanin kasancewar da rashin tushe

Ana amfani da tsayayyen layin tunani don yin alama a gaban welds na gaba, yayin da layin da aka tsinke ana amfani da shi don baya ko ganuwa welds. Dole ne a daidaita su sosai tare da jagorar kallon ɓangaren.

Ƙayyadaddun Raka'a don Girma

Duk dabi'u suna cikin millimeters (mm) ta tsohuwa kuma babu ƙarin raka'a da ake buƙatar fayyace; Raka'o'in kwana suna cikin darajoji (°), kuma wajibi ne a nuna a sarari (misali 'R = 60°').

Ⅴ. Misalan Aikace-aikacen Injiniya

Ɗauki 'bilateral对接 weld seam + a kan-site installing' a matsayin misali

1. Matsayin tushe, tare da kibiya mai nuni zuwa guntun walda na hagu;

2. A ɓangarorin biyu na tushe, yi alamar girman walda mai ma'ana a matsayin 'S = 8mm';

3. Abin da ke sama yana nuna kusurwar tsagi 'R = 60 °' da zurfin tsagi ' D = 5mm '.

4. Ƙara da'irar kusa da layin kibiya don nuna 'Welding On-site'. A gefen hagu, yi alama hanyar walda a matsayin 'GMAW' da kuma na yanzu a matsayin '160A'.

Wannan alamar tana ba da cikakkiyar bayanin ainihin shigarwar akan rukunin yanar gizon, cikakken walƙiya mai cikakken shigar a ciki, takamaiman sigogin tsagi da tsarin walda', guje wa duk wani rashin fahimta yayin ginin.

Kammalawa

Alamun walda suna aiki azaman 'harshen duniya' don sadarwar fasaha ta giciye, kuma daidaitawar su yana shafar ingancin walda da inganci kai tsaye. Don ƙware ainihin ƙa'idodin GB/T10044-2006, mutum yana buƙatar kwatanta misalan da aka rubuta akai-akai dangane da aikin injiniya, kuma a mai da hankali kan fahimtar alaƙar ma'ana tsakanin layin tunani, kibau, da sigogi masu girma. Don hadaddun sifofi, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da samfuran 3D don taimakawa a cikin annotation, tabbatar da cewa alamun sun dace daidai da matsayi na zahiri. Daidaitaccen amfani da alamomin walda ba ainihin buƙatu ba ne don takaddun fasaha ba har ma da mahimman bayyanuwar ƙayyadaddun ƙirar masana'anta na zamani da haɓakawa.