Imininingwane Yophawu Lwe-Welding: Ukuhumusha Ngokusekelwe Ku-Standard GB/T 10044-2006 Izimpawu zokushisela ziyinkampani ewumgogodla yokudlulisa ulwazi lwenqubo yokushisela emikhakheni efana nokukhiqizwa kweplathifomu yasogwini lolwandle, ubunjiniyela besakhiwo sensimbi yesikhulumi esingasogwini, kanye nemikhumbi yokucindezela. Ngezithombe ezimisiwe, izinhlamvu, nezinombolo, zichaza ngokunembile umumo, usayizi, isikhundla, kanye nezidingo zokucubungula ze-weld seam, futhi ziyidokhumenti yobuchwepheshe eyinhloko yokuqondisa ukukhiqizwa kokushisela nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi. Lesi sihloko, sihlangene ne-GB/T 10044-2006 ejwayelekile 'Izindlela Zokumela Izimpawu Zokushisela', inikeza ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kwezakhi eziyinhloko, imithetho yezichasiselo, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuvamile kwezimpawu zokushisela.

Lesi sihloko sigxile ezifinyezweni zezimpawu zokushisela ezibalwe ngenhla. Uma kukhona izincazelo ezingalungile, simema bonke abaholi ukuthi banikeze umhlahlandlela. Ngiyabonga!! Uma uthanda lesi sihloko, sicela ushiye ukulandela kwakho.

Ⅰ. Izingxenye ezibalulekile zezimpawu zokushisela: Isisekelo kanye nokuma komcibisholo

Uhlaka oluyisisekelo lophawu lokushisela luqukethe isisekelo kanye nomcibisholo, okuhlanganisa ukunquma indawo nesiqondiso se-weld, futhi lusebenza njengesiphathi salo lonke ulwazi olwengeziwe:

1. Isisekelo

Ulayini oqinile ovundlile (noma umugqa oyideshi, osetshenziselwa ukushisela okungeyona insimbi) uhlukaniswe ohlangothini lomcibisholo (ukuphela eduze komcibisholo) nolunye uhlangothi (isiphetho sikude nomcibisholo). Lapho ama-welds asakazwa ezinhlangothini zombili zomcibisholo, uphawu kufanele luphawulwe ezinhlangothini zombili zomugqa wereferensi; uma uhlangothi olulodwa kuphela olushiselwe, uphawu lutholakala eceleni komugqa wereferensi eduze komcibisholo.

Isimo esikhethekile: Uma ingxenye izacile kakhulu futhi kungenzeki ukumaka ulwazi oluseceleni lomcibisholo, umsila womcibisholo ungashiywa (njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni, 'Umsila womcibisholo ungashiywa uma lungekho ulwazi olwengeziwe'). Nokho, isisekelo kufanele siphelele.

2. Umcibisholo

Khomba indawo ye-weld seam. Isiqondiso somcibisholo kufanele sibe yi-perpendicular noma sithambekele ebusweni bocezu lwe-weld (ngokuhambisana nobudlelwane bokuqagela), futhi indawo ehlobene yomcibisholo onqenqemeni lwesiqephu se-weld kufanele ibonise ngokucacile indawo yangempela yokushisela (isibonelo, umcibisholo 'wophawu lwe-weld oluyindilinga' ukhomba i-weld ejikelezayo).

Sicela uqaphele: Uma umcibisholo nomsila wawo kushintshwa, incazelo yophawu ingase ishintshe (njengomehluko phakathi kokushisela okunohlangothi olulodwa kanye nokushisela okukabili). Lapho umaka, kuyadingeka ukulandela ngokuqinile izidingo zenqubo.

Ⅱ. Isichasiselo esilinganiselwe sobukhulu obuhlangene bokushisela kanye nezimfuneko zokucubungula

Izinhlamvu nezinombolo ngenhla noma ngaphansi kwesisekelo (kuye ngokuthi ukuma kwezimpawu) zisetshenziselwa ukulinganisa imingcele yejometri nezindlela zokucubungula ze-weld seam. Izakhi eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

1. Ubukhulu obuyisisekelo be-weld (S)

Ibonisa ukushuba noma ububanzi be-weld, evame ukubonakala kumashisela ezinqeni, ekushiseleni kwe-fillet, njll. Isibonelo, usayizi womlenze we-weld (inani lika-K) we-fillet weld udinga ukumakwa eduze kophawu lwe-weld contour (F) (njengoba kuboniswe kokuthi 'I-Welding Dimension noma Amandla S' emfanekisweni).

Umthetho: Uma ubukhulu bezinhlangothi zombili ze-weld bufana, udinga kuphela ukumaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomugqa wereferensi; uma zingama-asymmetrical, zidinga ukumakwa nhlangothi zombili ngokulandelana kwazo (isibonelo, '3/4' ikhombisa u-3mm ohlangothini olulodwa no-4mm ngakolunye uhlangothi).

2. Amapharamitha we-Groove kanye nemvume (R, A, D)

I-engeli ye-Bevel (R): I-engeli eyakhiwe phakathi kwendawo ye-bevel (njengoba kukhonjisiwe kokuthi 'I-Bevel Angle ne-Plug Welding Groove', kubhekiselwa kuma-bevel amise okwe-V, amise u-U, nanjengo-J), avame ukubonakala kuma-bevel amise okwe-V, amise u-U, nanjengo-J, ithinta ukungena kokushisela kanye nenani lensimbi yokugcwalisa esetshenzisiwe.

Ukujula kwe-bevel (D): Ibanga eliqondile ukusuka endaweni ye-bevel ukuya endaweni yezinto eziyisisekelo (njengoba kuboniswe 'ukujula kokushisela ngaphakathi kwe-bevel'), elisetshenziselwa ukulawula izinga lokuhlangana kwezimpande.

Igebe le-Groove (A): Isikhala esibekelwe phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili ezishiselwe ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa (njengoba kuboniswe kokuthi 'Igebe le-Groove, kanye nokujula kokugcwalisa kokushisela ipulaki noma i-slot welding'), iqinisekisa ukuthi induku yokushisela noma intambo ingangena echibini elincibilikisiwe.

Ukujula kokugcwalisa: Ku-slot welding noma i-slot welding, ukujula lapho insimbi yokugcwalisa ifakwa emgodini noma embotsheni. Lokhu kufanele kumakwe ngokuhambisana nemingcele yegebe (isibonelo, 'A = 2mm, ukujula kwesigcwalisi ≥ 1.5mm').

3. Uphawu lwekhonta yokushisela (F)

Ukumela umumo we-weld we-cross-sectional ngesithombe esithile kuyinto eyinhloko ekhomba izimpawu zokushisela (eboniswe endaweni emaphakathi yesithombe). Ngokwesibonelo:

I-Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) umthungo wokushisela: Umugqa oqondile noma umugqa we-zigzag wokulinganisa;

I-Corner weld: Unxantathu one-engeli yesokudla (ekhombisa ukushisela ekhoneni eliyi-convex) noma uphawu lokushisela ekhoneni eli-concave;

Spot welding / slot welding: Unxande noma trapezoidal shape.

Izimboni ezihlukene (njengemikhumbi yokucindezela kanye nezakhiwo zensimbi) zingase zibe nemithetho enemininingwane yezimpawu zekhonta, futhi lezi kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokuhambisana namazinga athile.

4. Imininingwane yokushisela kanye nolwazi lwenqubo

Imakwe kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla sesisekelo (njengoba kukhonjisiwe 'Izicaciso Zokushisela/Indlela Yokushisela, noma Olunye Ulwazi'), okuqukethwe kuhlanganisa:

Ikhodi yendlela yokushisela (njenge-GMAW - Fusion Welding with Gas Shielding, GTAW - Tungsten Electrode Gas Shielded Welding);

I-Welding yamanje, i-voltage, isivinini sokushisela (njenge-I = 180A, U = 22V, v = 50cm/min);

Isikhundla se-Welding (njenge-PA - i-welding flat, i-PB - i-welding enezingqimba, i-PC - i-welding eqondile, i-PD - i-welding ephezulu);

Izinto zokushisela (njenge-E4315 welding rods, ER70S-6 welding wire).

Ⅲ. Ukusetshenziswa Kwezimpawu Zesigcawu Esikhethekile: I-Welding On-site, i-Circumferential Welding kanye ne-Multi-layer Welding

Ngezidingo zokushisela zezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi, indinganiso ichaze izimpawu ezithile ezithile, okudingeka zilebulwe ngokunembile ngokuya komongo othize:

1. Uphawu lokushisela endaweni (umbuthano)

Ngenhla komugqa womcibisholo noma umugqa wereferensi, dweba indilinga (⚪) ukukhombisa ukuthi le weld idinga ukuqedelwa endaweni yokwakha (kunokuba yenziwe kuqala efekthri). Lokhu kuvame ukubonakala ekuhlanganisweni kwezingxenye ezinkulu ezigabeni (njengamabhuloho, amathangi okugcina) (bheka 'uphawu lokushisela endaweni' emfanekisweni).

Qaphela: Izimpawu zokushisela endaweni azikwazi ukusetshenziswa zodwa; kufanele zihlanganiswe nezimpawu zokushisela eziyisisekelo (isibonelo, ⚪ + F imele ukushiselwa kwefillet esizeni).

2. Uphawu lwe-weld eyindilinga (umcibisholo ozungezile)

Imigqa yemicibisholo izungeza isiyingi sendawo yokushisela, futhi ihambisana nezimpawu ezithile ukukhombisa ukushisela kwe-annular (okufana nokushisela kwezinqenqema zamapayipi, ukushisela kwe-flange) (bheka 'uphawu lwe-weld oluyindilinga' emfanekisweni).

Uma umaka, kubalulekile ukukhombisa ubude be-weld (L) noma i-weld pitch (P). Isibonelo, 'L = 300mm' ikhombisa ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye ye-weld ingu-300mm ubude.

3. I-Multi-layer welding kanye nenombolo ye-weld seams (N)

Uma wenza i-welding enezingqimba eziningi, inani lezendlalelo kufanele likhonjiswe ngemva kosayizi wokushisela (isibonelo, '3×3mm' ikhombisa i-weld enezingqimba ezi-3, isendlalelo ngasinye sibe ngu-3mm).

Izindlela zokushisela ezikhethekile ezifana ne-spot welding, i-seam welding, ne-stud welding zidinga inani lama-weld ukuthi limakwe eduze kwesisekelo (njengoba kuboniswe ngu-'(N)'). Isibonelo, u-'(5)' ukhombisa ama- spot weld angu-5.

Ⅳ. Imithetho Yezichasiselo Nokuhlaziywa Kwamaphutha Avamile

Isimiso se-Symmetry

Uma ama-welds asatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ezinhlangothini zombili zomcibisholo, izilinganiso kuphela ezidinga ukumakwa ohlangothini olulodwa (isibonelo, kuma-welds we-fillet anezinhlangothi ezimbili, ubukhulu bomlenze we-weld kuphela ohlangothini olulodwa oludinga ukumakwa). Lokhu kugwema ukuphindaphinda.

I-oda elibalulekile

Uma izimpawu zibekwe phezulu, kufanele zihlelwe ngendlela elandelayo: 'Indlela yokushisela → Imingcele yokucaciswa → Uhlaka lwe-Weld seam → Ubukhulu → Imingcele ye-Groove'. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukulandelana okucacile kolwazi (njengokuthi 'GTAW-180A ⚪F-K6-A3').

Ukwehlukanisa phakathi kokuba khona kanye nokungabikho kwesisekelo

Ulayini wereferensi womugqa oqinile usetshenziselwa ukumaka ama-weld angaphambili we-weld, kuyilapho umugqa wereferensi womugqa odayishiwe usetshenziselwa ama-welds angemuva noma angabonakali. Kufanele zihambisane ngokuqinile nesiqondiso sokubuka kwengxenye.

Ukucaciswa Kweyunithi Yobukhulu

Wonke amanani angamamilimitha (mm) ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi awekho amayunithi engeziwe adinga ukucaciswa; amayunithi e-engeli angamadigri (°), futhi kuyadingeka ukuba kuboniswe ngokucacile (isb 'R = 60°').

Ⅴ. Izibonelo Zohlelo Lobunjiniyela

Thatha 'i-bilateral对接 weld seam + ukufakwa kwesayithi' njengesibonelo

1. Ileveli eyisisekelo, umcibisholo obheke ngasesinxeleni sokushisela;

2. Ezinhlangothini zombili zesisekelo, maka usayizi wokushisela olinganayo njengokuthi 'S = 8mm';

3. Okungenhla kukhombisa i-engeli ye-groove 'R = 60°' kanye nokushona komsele 'D = 5mm'.

4. Engeza umbuthano eceleni komugqa womcibisholo ukuze ubonise 'Ukushisela endaweni'. Ngakwesokunxele, maka indlela yokushisela njengokuthi 'GMAW' kanye neyamanje ngokuthi '160A'.

Lolu phawu ludlulisela ngokugcwele ulwazi olubalulekile 'lokufakwa endaweni, ukushisela izinqe zokungena ngokugcwele, amapharamitha athile e-groove kanye nenqubo yokushisela', ukugwema noma yikuphi ukungezwani ngesikhathi sokwakha.

Isiphetho

Izimpawu zokushisela zisebenza 'njengolimi lomhlaba wonke' ekuxhumaneni okuhlukahlukene kobuchwepheshe, futhi ukumiswa kwazo kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi yokushisela. Ukuze ube yinkosi yemithetho ewumongo ye-GB/T10044-2006, umuntu udinga ukuphinda aqhathanise izibonelo ezinezichasiselo ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni kobunjiniyela, futhi agxile ekuqondeni ubudlelwano obunengqondo phakathi kwemigqa yereferensi, imicibisholo, namapharamitha wobukhulu. Ngezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kunconywa ukusebenzisa amamodeli e-3D ukusiza esichasiselweni, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpawu zihambisana ngokuphelele nezikhundla ezibonakalayo. Ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwezimpawu zokushisela akuyona nje imfuneko eyisisekelo yemibhalo yezobuchwepheshe kodwa futhi kuwukubonakaliswa okubalulekile kokumiswa nokucwengisiswa kokukhiqizwa kwesimanje.