le -span enkulu Isakhiwo sesikhala sepayipi siwuhlelo lwesakhiwo olwakhiwe amalungu ensimbi axhumene eshubhu ahlelwe ukudlulisa kahle imithwalo ebangeni elikhulu. Izakhiwo ze-truss zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezakhiweni ezinkulu zezimboni, izikhungo zemibukiso, izinkundla, izindawo zokuthutha, amabhuloho, izindawo zokugcina impahla, nezinye izakhiwo ezidinga izindawo ezinkulu ezingenakholamu.

Ngenxa yokuthi ama-trusses ensimbi avame ukusetshenziswa njengezakhiwo ezisekela uphahla, abuye abizwe kabanzi ngokuthi ama-roof trusses..

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo ezivamile ze-solid-beam, izakhiwo ze-pipe truss zinikeza ukusebenza kahle kwesakhiwo, ukunciphisa isisindo somuntu siqu, umthamo ophezulu wokuthwala umthwalo, nokuguquguquka okukhulu kwezakhiwo, okwenza kube yisixazululo esifanelekile sezakhiwo zesimanje ezinkulu ze-span.

Izinhlobo Zezintambo Zensimbi Ngomumo

Ngokusho kwejometri yabo yangaphandle, ama-trusses ensimbi ngokuvamile angahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezilandelayo:

1. I-Parallel Chord Truss

I-parallel chord truss inamachodi aphezulu naphansi ahlelwe cishe ngokufana.

Izinzuzo:

• Ifomu elilula nelivamile lesakhiwo

• Ifanele ukwenziwa okujwayelekile

• Ilungele ukwakheka kwezendlalelo ezimbili

• Kulula ukwenza nokufaka

• Ifanele izakhiwo zezimboni nezohwebo

Nokho, ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla angaphakathi kwamalungu kungase kufane kancane uma kuqhathaniswa nokulungiselelwa okuthile okuthuthukisiwe kwe-truss.

2. I-Polygonal noma I-Curved Chord Truss

I-Polygonal ne-curved chord trusses yakhelwe ngokuya ngokusatshalaliswa komthwalo wesakhiwo. Umumo wabo ungalinganisa umdwebo wesikhathi sokugoba wenduku esekelwa kalula ngaphansi kokulayisha okufanayo.

Lokhu kulungiselelwa kuvumela amandla ukuthi asatshalaliswe ngokuphumelelayo kusakhiwo sonke.

Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zifaka:

• Ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla okufana okufanayo

• Ukusetshenziswa kahle kwensimbi yesakhiwo

• Ikhono elihle kakhulu le-span enkulu

• Ukusetshenziswa kwempahla encishisiwe

• Ukubukeka kwezakhiwo ezikhangayo

Ngenxa yejometri yabo, ukwakhiwa kanye nemininingwane yokuxhumana kungase kube nzima kakhulu.

3. I-Triangular Truss

Ama-trusses angama-triangular avame ukusetshenziselwa amasistimu ophahleni olugxotshiwe.

Nakuba amandla angaphakathi engase angasatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo njengakwezinye izilungiselelo ze-truss, umumo othambekele ufaneleka ngokukhethekile ukukhishwa kwamanzi ophahleni kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zezakhiwo.

Zisetshenziswa kakhulu ku:

• Imihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi yezimboni

• Izinqolobane

• Izakhiwo zezimboni

• Izinsiza zezemidlalo

• Amasistimu ophahleni olubanzi

Izinhlobo zama-trusses ngokucushwa kwesakhiwo

Ngokusho kokwakheka kwawo kwejometri, ama-trusses angabuye ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko.

1. I-truss elula

I-truss elula yenziwa kusukela kuhlaka oluyisisekelo lukanxantathu futhi inwetshwe kancane kancane ngokwengeza amayunithi angunxantathu engeziwe.

Ukucushwa kwe-triangular kunikeza ukuzinza okuhle kakhulu kwejometri futhi kuvumela imithwalo yesakhiwo ukuthi idluliselwe ngokuphumelelayo phakathi kwamalungu.

2. I-Compound Truss

I-truss ehlanganisiwe iqukethe ama-trusses ambalwa alula axhunywe ndawonye ukuze akhe uhlelo lwesakhiwo olukhulu futhi oluzinzile.

Lokhu kulungiselelwa kulungele amaphrojekthi adinga ububanzi obukhulu, umthamo ophezulu wokuthwala umthwalo, noma izakhiwo zezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

3. I-Complex Truss

Ama-trusses ayinkimbinkimbi ahlanganisa ukuhlelwa kwesakhiwo okungenakuhlukaniswa njengama-trusses alula noma ahlanganisiwe.

Ngokuvamile zakhelwe izidingo ezikhethekile zezakhiwo, izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokulayisha, noma amaphrojekthi amakhulu wobunjiniyela.

Ukuhlelwa nge-Horizontal Thrust

Ama-trusses ensimbi nawo angahlukaniswa ngokuya ngokuthi i-thrust evundlile ikhiqizwa ezisekelweni.

1. I-Beam-Type Truss Ngaphandle Kwe-Trust Evundlile

I-truss yohlobo lwe-beam idlulisela imithwalo ngokuyinhloko ngamandla e-axial ngaphakathi kwechord ephezulu, i-low chord, namalungu ewebhu.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nemishayo yensimbi evamile eqinile, izakhiwo ze-truss zinganciphisa kakhulu isisindo esifile sesakhiwo ngenkathi zigcina ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokuthwala umthwalo.

Amachodi aphezulu naphansi aphikisana kakhulu namandla e-axial ahlobene nokugoba, kuyilapho amalungu ewebhu ngokuyinhloko edlulisela amandla okugunda.

Izinzuzo ezibalulekile zifaka:

• Ukusebenza kahle kwesakhiwo

• Ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi okuncishisiwe

• Isisindo esiphansi sesakhiwo

• Amandla aphezulu okuthwala

• Ifanele izakhiwo ezinkulu ezinobude

2. I-Arch-Type Truss ene-Horizontal Thrust

Ama-trusses ohlobo lwe-Arch enza ukugxila okuvundlile kuzisekeli zawo.

Ngokuhlanganisa isenzo se-arch nesistimu ye-truss, isakhiwo sizuza ukuqina okuhle kakhulu kanye nekhono eliphezulu lokuhlanganisa.

Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zifaka:

• Ubuqotho besakhiwo esihle kakhulu

• Amandla amakhulu we-span

• Ukudluliswa komthwalo okusebenzayo

• Ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi okuncishisiwe

• Ifanele izakhiwo ezinkulu zophahla

• Idizayini yezakhiwo eguquguqukayo

Izinzuzo Zezakhiwo Ezinkulu Zepayipi Lepayipi

Izakhiwo ezinkulu zepayipi lensimbi ye-span zinikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zokwakha zanamuhla:

• Indawo enkulu engenakholomu - ilungele izakhiwo ezidinga izakhiwo zangaphakathi ezivulekile.

• Amandla aphezulu esakhiwo - amalungu ensimbi ye-tubular ahlinzeka ngokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokuthwala umthwalo.

• Isakhiwo esilula - kunciphisa umthwalo oshonile uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo ezijwayelekile zesakhiwo.

• Ukusetshenziswa kahle kwezinto ezibonakalayo - amalungu esakhiwo ngokuyinhloko athwala i-axial tension kanye nokucindezelwa.

• Idizayini yezakhiwo eguquguqukayo - ilungele ukugoba, i-arched, i-pitched, nezinye izinhlobo zophahla oluyinkimbinkimbi.

• I-Factory prefabrication - izingxenye zingakhiwa futhi zihlolwe ngaphambi kokulethwa endaweni yokwakha.

• Ukufakwa ngokushesha - izingxenye zensimbi ezakhiwe ngaphambili zisiza ukufinyeza amashejuli okwakhiwa kwesayithi.

• Ukuqina okuhle kakhulu - ukunamathela okufanele kanye nezinhlelo zokwelashwa kwendawo zihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okuthembekile kokugqwala.

Izicelo Ezijwayelekile

Izakhiwo zesikhala sepayipi le-span enkulu zisetshenziswa kabanzi ku:

• Izimboni zezimboni

• Ama-workshops amakhulu

• Ama-warehouses kanye nezikhungo ze-logistics

• Amahholo ombukiso

• Izinkundla zemidlalo

• Ama-Gymnasium

• Izikhumulo zezindiza

• Iziteshi zesitimela

• Izikhungo zengqungquthela

• Izikhungo zokuthenga

• Ama-hangars ezindiza

• Izakhiwo ezinkulu zophahla

• Amabhuloho nezinsiza zokuhamba

Izixazululo Zensimbi Enkulu Enkulu Ngokwezifiso

Amasistimu we-truss wamapayipi amakhulu angenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokuya ngebanga lephrojekthi, izimo zokulayisha, izidingo zezakhiwo, ukulayishwa komoya, izidingo zokuzamazama komhlaba, amasistimu okufulela, namazinga wobunjiniyela bendawo.

Kusukela ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo nobunjiniyela okuchazayo kuye ekwenziweni kwensimbi, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi, ukuphathwa kwendawo, ukupakisha, ukuthekelisa, nokusekela ukufakwa, izixazululo ezenziwe ngezifiso ze-steel truss zingasiza ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamaphrojekthi ahlukene okwakhiwa kwezimboni nezohwebo.