Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi kungenye yezinhlelo zokwakha ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kumaphrojekthi ezimboni, ezentengiselwano, indawo yokugcina impahla kanye nengqalasizinda. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zesakhiwo, okuhlanganisa amakholomu ensimbi, imishayo yensimbi, izigxobo zensimbi, namanye amalungu ensimbi akhiwe, akhiqizwa kusukela ezingxenyeni zensimbi zesakhiwo namapuleti ensimbi futhi axhunywe ngokushisela, amabhawodi, noma ezinye izindlela zokubopha.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo eziningi zokwakha zendabuko, izakhiwo zensimbi zinikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile ezifana namandla aphezulu, ukufakwa okusheshayo, ukwakheka okuguquguqukayo, isikhathi sokwakha esincishisiwe, kanye nokuvumelana nezimo okuhle kakhulu kwezicelo zezimboni nezohwebo.

Ukuze iphrojekthi yesakhiwo sensimbi ifinyelele ukusebenza okuthembekile, ukunemba kanye nekhwalithi yesisekelo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukufakwa nokuhlolwa okufanele kwezingxenye ezishumekiwe, ama-anchor bolt, amazinga esisekelo, nezisekelo zekholomu kuthinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kwenqubo yokumisa insimbi elandelayo.

1. Ukubaluleka Kwezisekelo Zesakhiwo Sensimbi

Amaphrojekthi amaningi esakhiwo sensimbi adinga amabhawodi okusetshenzwa okusetshenzwa kulengwa ashumekiwe noma izingxenye zensimbi ezishunyekiwe ukuze zifakwe phakathi nesigaba sesisekelo somphakathi.

Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ku:

• Izimboni zesakhiwo sensimbi

• Imihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi yezimboni

• Izinqolobane zensimbi

• Logistics izakhiwo

• Izakhiwo zensimbi zezentengiselwano

• Izakhiwo ezinkulu zensimbi

Ngaphambi kokuba kumiswe amakholomu ensimbi, izisekelo zikakhonkolo eziqinisiwe ngokuvamile zakhiwa ngokwemidwebo yesakhiwo. Amabhawodi okusetshenzwa kulengwa kanye nezingxenye ezishunyekiwe kumele abekwe ngendlela efanele ngaphambi kokuthi kuthelwe ukhonkolo.

Uma ubukhulu besisekelo, izikhundla zebhawodi lehange, ukuphakama, noma imigqa emaphakathi inganembile, izinkinga zingase zenzeke ngesikhathi sokumiswa kwensimbi, okuhlanganisa ukungahambi kahle kwekholomu, ubunzima bokufaka, umsebenzi wokulungisa ngokweqile, noma ukuchezuka kwesakhiwo.

Ngakho-ke, ukwakhiwa kwesisekelo nokuhlolwa kufanele kuqedwe ngokuvumelana nemidwebo yephrojekthi kanye nezidingo ezifanele zobunjiniyela ngaphambi kokuba ukufakwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi kuqale.

2. Ikholomu Yensimbi Ukulungiselela Isisekelo

Ngaphambi kokufakwa kwekholomu yensimbi, i-eksisi yokuma yekholomu ngayinye kufanele imakwe ngokucacile ebusweni besisekelo sekholomu.

Lapho amashimu ensimbi noma amapuleti okuthwala asetshenziselwa ukusekela ikholomu yensimbi, indawo yokuthwala edingekayo kufanele inqunywe ngokuya ngezinto ezifana nalezi:

• Amandla acindezelayo okhonkolo lwesisekelo

• Umthwalo udluliselwe ngesisekelo sekholomu yensimbi

• Imithwalo isetshenziswa ngaphambi kwe-grouting yesibili

• Amandla okuqinisa ama-anchor bolt

• Usayizi nokujiya kwe-steel column base plate

Izindawo zokuthintana phakathi kwamashimu ensimbi, indawo eyisisekelo, kanye nepuleti lesisekelo sekholomu yensimbi kufanele ibe isicaba futhi izinze ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa komthwalo okufanele.

Ukuphakama kwesisekelo kufanele futhi kuhlolwe ngokucophelela futhi kulungiswe ngaphambi kokumiswa.

Kumaphrojekthi amaningi esakhiwo sensimbi, ukuphakama kwesisekelo sikakhonkolo kungase kube cishe ku-50-60 mm ngaphansi kokuphakama okuklanyelwe okuphansi kwekholomu yensimbi. Amashimu ensimbi, amapuleti anezinhlamvu, noma udaka lokuleveling kungase kusetshenziselwe ukufinyelela ukuphakama okudingekile kokufakwa.

Ubukhulu bangempela kufanele njalo bulandele imidwebo yesakhiwo egunyaziwe kanye nezici zephrojekthi.

3. Ukuhlolwa Kwesisekelo Ngaphambi Kokufakwa Kwesakhiwo Sensimbi

Ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi, usonkontileka kufanele ahlole futhi aqinisekise izimo zesisekelo.

Izinto ezibalulekile zokuhlola ngokuvamile zihlanganisa:

I-Building Positioning Axis

I-centrelines yokwakha kanye nezimbazo zokubeka kufanele zihlolwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isakhiwo sensimbi singafakwa ngokuvumelana nesakhiwo esivunyelwe.

I-Foundation Axis

Umugqa omaphakathi wesisekelo sekholomu ngayinye kufanele uhambisane nezidingo zokuma kwekholomu yensimbi.

Ukuphakama Kwesisekelo

Ukuphakama okuphezulu kwesisekelo sokhonkolo kufanele kulinganiswe futhi kuqhathaniswe nokuphakama kokuklama.

Isikhundla se-Anchor Bolt

Ukuma, isikhala, ukuphakama kokuqagela, kanye nokuma kwamabhawudi okusetshenzwa kulengwa kuzo kufanele kuhlolwe ngokucophelela.

Imininingwane ye-Anchor Bolt

Ububanzi bebhawodi, ubude, isimo somucu, kanye nokucaciswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kufanele kuhambisane nezidingo zokuklama iphrojekthi.

Noma yikuphi ukuchezuka okudlula ukubekezelela okuvunyelwe kwephrojekthi kufanele kuhlolwe futhi kulungiswe ngaphambi kokufakwa kwekholomu yensimbi.

4. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Anchor Bolt

Ama-anchor bolt ayizingxenye ezibalulekile zokuxhuma phakathi kwamakholomu ensimbi nezisekelo zikakhonkolo.

Ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwensimbi, ibhawudi ngalinye lehange kufanele lihlolwe:

• Indawo evundlile

• Ukuchezuka komugqa omaphakathi

• Ukuphakama

• Isikhala se-Bolt

• Ubude bochungechunge obuveziwe

• Ububanzi bebhowudi

• Isimo somucu

• Ukuma

• Ukulimala noma ukuguqulwa

Uma indawo yangempela yebholithi ihluke kakhulu endaweni yokuklama, inkinga kufanele ibuyekezwe ngunjiniyela wephrojekthi ngaphambi kokuba kuthathwe izinyathelo zokulungisa.

Kuye ngezimo zobunjiniyela, izixazululo ezingaba khona zingabandakanya ukulungisa ipuleti lesisekelo sekholomu noma ukulungisa ilungiselelo lembobo yomshudo ngemva kokuqinisekiswa kwesakhiwo.

Ukusikwa okungagunyaziwe, ukugoba, noma ukumiswa kabusha kwamabhawodi okusetshenzwa kulengwa akumele kugwenywe ngoba ukuguqulwa okungafanele kungase kuthinte ukuphepha kwesakhiwo.

5. Izidingo Zokunikezela Ngesisekelo

Lapho ukwakhiwa kwesisekelo kuqedwa ngezigaba, isigaba ngasinye sokunikeza ngokuvamile kufanele sifake izisekelo zekholomu ezanele ukuze kwakhe iyunithi yokumisa insimbi ezinzile.

Ngaphambi kokunikezelwa kwesisekelo, izimo ezilandelayo kufanele ziqinisekiswe ngokujwayelekile:

• Ukhonkolo wesisekelo usufinyelele amandla okuklama adingekayo.

• Ukugcwaliswa ngemuva eduze kwesisekelo sekuqediwe futhi kuhlanganiswe kahle.

• Izimbazo zokwakha namaphoyinti okubhekisela kumakwe ngokucacile.

• Amabhentshimakhi okuphakama kwesisekelo aphelele futhi anembile.

• Ingaphezulu lesisekelo lilungiswe kahle.

• Izindawo ezidinga i-secondary grouting zilungiswa ngokwezidingo zephrojekthi.

• Amabhawodi okusetshenzwa kulengwa abekwe ngendlela efanele futhi avikelwe ekulimaleni.

• Izingxenye ezishumekiwe ziphelele futhi zifakwe kahle.

Kuphela ngemva kokuba lezi zimo seziqinisekisiwe kufanele ukufakwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi kuqhubeke.

6. Ukulungiselela I-Grouting Yesibili

Ngemuva kokuthi amakholomu ensimbi ebekwe endaweni, elungisiwe, futhi evikelwe okwesikhashana, ukugaywa kwesibili kuvame ukwenziwa ngaphansi kwamapuleti ayisisekelo sekholomu.

Inhloso ye-secondary grouting iwukunikeza ukwesekwa okufanayo phakathi kwepuleti lesisekelo sekholomu yensimbi kanye nesisekelo sikakhonkolo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukudluliswa okufanele kwemithwalo yesakhiwo.

Ngaphambi kwe-grouting, indawo yesisekelo kufanele ihlanzwe futhi ilungiswe ngokuya ngemininingwane yobunjiniyela.

Indawo ye-grouting kufanele ingabi nalutho:

• Uthuli

• Khulula ukhonkolo

• Ukungcoliswa kwamafutha

• Amanzi amile

• Imfucumfucu yokwakha

Ukulungiswa kwendawo efanele kusiza ukuthuthukisa isibopho phakathi kwesisekelo sikakhonkolo esikhona kanye nempahla yokugawula.

7. Kungani Kubalulekile Ukunemba Kwesisekelo

Ukunemba kwesisekelo kunomthelela oqondile ekumisweni kwesakhiwo sensimbi.

Ukufakwa kwesisekelo sekhwalithi ephezulu kungasiza:

• Thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokufakwa kwekholomu yensimbi

• Yehlisa umsebenzi wokulungisa indawo

• Vimbela ukususwa kwekholomu

• Yehlisa amaphutha okuqondanisa kwesakhiwo

• Gcina ukuxhumana okunembile kwe-beam nekholomu

• Thuthukisa ikhwalithi yokufaka

• Qinisekisa ukudluliswa komthwalo wesakhiwo okufanele

• Thuthukisa ukuzinza okuphelele kwesakhiwo sensimbi

Uma amaphutha esisekelo engabonakali ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwensimbi, angase aholele ekulungisweni okwengeziwe kokwenziwa, ukubambezeleka kokufaka, izindleko zokwakha ezikhulayo, noma izinkinga zokuqondanisa kwesakhiwo.

8. Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Yesisekelo Semiklamo Yesakhiwo Sensimbi

Uhlelo oluphelele lokulawula ikhwalithi yesakhiwo sensimbi kufanele luqale ngaphambi kokuba amalungu ensimbi afike endaweni yokwakha.

Ukuhlolwa kwesisekelo kufanele kuhambisane nemidwebo yesakhiwo, imidwebo eyenziwe, izakhiwo zebhawodi lehange, nezinhlelo zokumisa.

Izindawo zokulawula ikhwalithi ezibalulekile zihlanganisa:

1. Izilinganiso zesisekelo

2. Imigqa emaphakathi yekholomu

3. Ukuphakama kwesisekelo

4. Izikhundla zebholithi yehange

5. Isikhala sebholithi yehange

6. Izingxenye zensimbi ezishumekiwe

7. Amandla kakhonkolo

8. Ikholomu yezindawo ezinesisekelo

9. Ukulungiswa kwe-grouting yesibili

10. Ukuhlolwa kokunikezwa kwesisekelo

Ngokufaka isisekelo esinembile nokuhlola okuhlelekile, inqubo yokumisa isakhiwo sensimbi elandelayo ingaqedwa ngokuphumelelayo nangokwethembeka.

Isiphetho

Ukufakwa kwesisekelo kungenye yezinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuqala zephrojekthi yesakhiwo sensimbi.

Ukuma okunembayo kwamabhawodi okusetshenzwa kulengwa, ukuphakama kwesisekelo okulungile, ukulungiselela ukhonkolo okufanele, nokuhlola ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokumiswa kwensimbi kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amakholomu ensimbi nezinye izingxenye zesakhiwo zingafakwa ngokunembile.

Ezakhiweni zezimboni, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla, ama-workshops, izinsiza ze-logistics, namanye amaphrojekthi esakhiwo sensimbi, ukuhlolwa okuqinile kwesisekelo nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi kunganciphisa kakhulu izinkinga zokufaka futhi kunikeze isisekelo esithembekile sokuphepha nokuzinza kwesakhiwo sonke sensimbi.

I-ZSJH STEEL ihlinzeka ngedizayini yesakhiwo sensimbi, imininingwane yobunjiniyela, ukwenziwa kwezinto ngendlela oyifisayo, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi, ukuhlinzekwa kwezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, nokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe kumaphrojekthi wokwakha insimbi yezimboni nezohwebo emhlabeni wonke.