Izakhiwo zensimbi zinikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa amandla aphezulu, amandla we-span enkulu, ukwakhiwa okusheshayo, idizayini evumelana nezimo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kahle kwendawo. Asetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zokusebenzela zezimboni, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla, izakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu, amabhuloho, izikhungo zezentengiselwano, izinkundla zemidlalo kanye neminye imiklamo yengqalasizinda.

Kodwa-ke, ikhwalithi yokufakwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi ithinta ngokuqondile ukuzinza kwesakhiwo, ukusebenza okuthwala umthwalo, ukuphepha kokwakhiwa, kanye nempilo yesevisi. Ngakho-ke ukuphathwa kokufakwa okuphumelelayo kufanele kugxile ezinhlosweni ezimbili ezibalulekile:

1. Ukuqaliswa okuqinile kwamazinga okuphepha

2. Ukulawula okunembile kokubekezelela ukufakwa

Lezi zidingo kufanele zisetshenziswe kuyo yonke inqubo yokwakha, kusukela ekulungiseni indawo nokuphakanyiswa kwengxenye kuya ekuqondaneni kwesakhiwo, ukuhlolwa kokuxhumana, nokwamukelwa kokugcina.

1. Ukuphathwa Kokuphepha Kuwo wonke Ukufakwa Kwesakhiwo Sensimbi

Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi kuhilela imisebenzi eminingana enobungozi obukhulu, okubandakanya ukuphakamisa imisebenzi, ukusebenza endaweni ephakeme, ukushisela, umsebenzi kagesi wesikhashana, nokufakwa kwezingxenye ezinzima.

Uhlelo oluphelele lokuphatha ukuphepha kufanele lubhekane nabasebenzi, okokusebenza, izinto zokwakha, izindlela zokwakha, nezimo zesizinda ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi ezingaba khona.

1.1 Ukulungiselela Ukuphepha Kokufaka Ngaphambili

Iziqu Zabasebenzi Nokuqeqeshwa Kokuphepha

Izifaki zesakhiwo sensimbi kufanele zibe neziqu ezidingekayo emisebenzini yazo ethile. Abaqhubi be-crane, izinsimbi, abashiseli, abasebenza ngogesi, nabasebenzi abenza imisebenzi ephakeme kufanele baphathe izitifiketi ezisebenzayo ezisebenzayo lapho kudingeka.

Ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukwakhiwa, bonke abasebenzi kufanele bathole ukuqeqeshwa kokuphepha okuhlanganisa izingozi ezinkulu ezifana nalezi:

• Iwa ukusuka ekuphakameni

• Izinto eziwayo

• Ukuphakamisa izingozi

• Ukushaqeka kukagesi

• Umlilo nokuqhuma

• Ukulimala kwemishini

• Ukungaqini kwesakhiwo ngesikhathi sokumiswa kwesikhashana

Abasebenzi abakhethekile kufanele futhi babambe iqhaza ekuqeqeshweni okuvamile ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi amakhono abo obuchwepheshe nokuqwashisa ngokuphepha kuhlala kuhambisana nezidingo zephrojekthi.

Isitatimende Sendlela Yokwakha kanye Nokwaziswa Kokuphepha

Isitatimende esinemininingwane yendlela yokufaka kufanele silungiswe ngokuya ngedizayini yesakhiwo, isisindo sengxenye, izimo zesayithi, umthamo wemishini yokuphakamisa, ukulandelana kokufaka, nendawo ezungezile.

Isitatimende sendlela kufanele sichaze ngokucacile:

• Ukulandelana kokuphakamisa ingxenye

• Ukuma kwe-Crane kanye nerediyasi yokusebenza

• Amaphuzu okuphakamisa kanye nezindlela zokukhwabanisa

• Amalungiselelo okwesekwa kwesikhashana

• Ukuvikelwa kokusebenza ngokuphakama

• Izinqubo zokuhlenga izimo eziphuthumayo

• Izinyathelo zokusabela kwesimo sezulu esibi

• Ukuqondanisa kwesakhiwo kanye nezinqubo zokulungisa

Ngemva kokuba isitatimende sendlela sesibuyekeziwe futhi sagunyazwa, izifingqo zezobuchwepheshe nezokuphepha kufanele zinikezwe ithimba elifakayo. Wonke umsebenzi kufanele aqonde ukulandelana kokwakhiwa, izidingo zokusebenza, izindawo ezinobungozi, nezinqubo eziphuthumayo ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi.

Ukuhlolwa Kwezisetshenziswa Nezisetshenziswa

Zonke izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokuphakamisa, okuhlanganisa okhrayini be-tower cranes, ama-mobile cranes, ama-hoists, imishayo yokuphakamisa, izintambo zocingo, amaketanga, nezihlilingi, kufanele zihlolwe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.

Ukuhlola kufanele kufake:

• Umthamo wokuphakamisa olinganiselwe

• Amabhuleki nokulawula amasistimu

• Ukugqoka kwezintambo zezintambo kanye nokuguqulwa

• Izingwegwe nezinsimbi zokuphepha

• Amasistimu kagesi kanye ne-hydraulic

• Izitifiketi zokuhlolwa kwemishini

• Ukuzinza komhlaba kanye nesisekelo

Ukulayishwa ngokweqile noma okokusebenza okungalungile akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele.

Ngemva kokuba izingxenye zensimbi zifika endaweni yokwakha, kufanele zihlolwe ukuthi azikho yini ukuguga okubonakalayo, imifantu, ukugqwala, ukubola kwentonga, ukuchezuka kobukhulu kanye nokulimala kwezokuthutha.

Amabhawodi aqinile, izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushisela, amapuleti okuxhumana, nezinye izinto ezisizayo kufanele zihambisane nemibhalo yokuklama futhi zihambisane nezitifiketi zekhwalithi ezivumelekile.

Inhlangano Yezokuphepha Yendawo

Indawo yokwakha kufanele ihlukaniswe yaba izindawo zokusebenza ezichazwe ngokucacile, njenge:

• Indawo yokugcina ingxenye yensimbi

• Indawo yokusebenza ye-Crane

• Indawo yokuphakamisa nokumisa

• Indawo yokushisela

• Umzila wokufinyelela wezisetshenziswa

• Indawo yokugcina impahla yesikhashana

Izimpawu eziyisixwayiso nezithiyo zokufinyelela ezinomkhawulo kufanele zifakwe ezindaweni eziphakemeyo kanye nezindawo ezisebenza phezulu.

Izinkundla ezivikelayo, amanethi okuphepha, izinsimbi zokuqapha, nezikafula kufanele zithobelane nezimfuneko ezisebenzayo zokuphepha zokwakha, ezifana ne-GB 51249 noma imithetho yendawo efanele.

Izinhlelo zikagesi zesikhashana kufanele zilandele ukusabalalisa okudingekayo kanye nezinhlelo zokuvikela ukuvuza. Amakhebuli kufanele ahanjiswe ngendlela efanele futhi avikelwe ezimotweni, emanzini amile, emaphethelweni abukhali, nasekulimaleni kwemishini.

2. Ukulawula Ukuphepha Ngesikhathi Ukufakwa

2.1 Ukuvikelwa Komsebenzi Ekuphakameni

Abasebenzi abenza imisebenzi ezindaweni eziphakeme kumele bagqoke izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele, okuhlanganisa:

• Izigqoko zokuzivikela

• Amahhanisi okuphepha agcwele umzimba

• Izicathulo zokuphepha ezingasheleli

• Amagilavu ​​okuzivikela

• Izingubo zokusebenza ezifanele

Amahhanisi okuphepha kufanele ananyathiselwe ezindaweni ezithembekile zokubambelela futhi asetshenziswe ngokuhambisana nesimiso sokunamathisela ihhuku endaweni ephakeme kunomsebenzi noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka.

Imishini yokumisa yesikhashana, izintambo eziqondisayo, imikhawulo, nezisekelo kufanele zifakwe lapho kudingeka khona ukuze kuvinjelwe izingxenye zensimbi ekugingqikeni, ukushwibeka, noma ukuwa ngesikhathi sokumiswa.

Izisebenzi kufanele zisebenzise izitebhisi ezigunyaziwe, izitezi, izinkundla zokusebenza zasemoyeni, noma amasistimu okufinyelela esikhashana. Ukugibela ngokuqondile amakholomu ensimbi, imishayo, noma izisekelo ngaphandle kokuvikela okufanele akufanele kuvunyelwe.

2.2 Ukuphakamisa Ukuphepha Kokusebenza

Ngaphambi kokuphakamisa ingxenye yensimbi, ithimba lokwakha kufanele liqinisekise isisindo salo, isikhungo samandla adonsela phansi, amaphuzu okuphakamisa, indawo yokufaka, kanye nomthamo olinganiselwe wemishini yokuphakamisa.

Uhlelo lokuphakamisa kufanele lucabangele:

• Irediyasi yokusebenza ye-Crane

• Ubude be-Boom ne-engeli

• Umthamo wokuzala phansi

• I-angle ye-Sling kanye ne-tension

• Ubukhulu bengxenye

• Izimo zomoya

• Izithiyo ezizungezile

• Izidingo zokuma zesikhashana

Izihlilingi ezifanelekayo, amaketanga, izintambo zocingo, imishayo yokuphakamisa, nezinye izinto zokubopha kufanele kukhethwe ngokwesisindo kanye nokuma kwengxenye.

Amaphedi okuzivikela kufanele abekwe lapho izihlilingi zithinta khona imiphetho ebukhali ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo kukho kokubili igiya lokuphakamisa kanye nengxenye yensimbi.

Umuntu wesignali oqeqeshiwe kufanele aqondise umsebenzi wokuphakamisa esebenzisa amasignali ajwayelekile. Abasebenzi abangagunyaziwe kufanele bahlale ngaphandle kwendawo yokuphakamisa, futhi akekho okufanele ame noma adlule ngaphansi komthwalo omisiwe.

Izingxenye kufanele ziphakanyiswe futhi zehliswe kahle. Ukusheshisa okungazelelwe, ukubhuleka okuphuthumayo, ukushwiba ngokweqile, nokuzungeza okungalawuleki kufanele kugwenywe.

Ukuphakanyiswa kwangaphandle nokusebenza endaweni ephakeme kufanele kumiswe phakathi nemimoya enamandla, ukuduma kwezulu, imvula enkulu, ukungaboni kahle, noma ezinye izimo zezulu ezingaphephile. Uma amandla omoya efinyelela umkhawulo oshiwo ohlelweni lokuphakamisa noma ezimisweni ezisebenzayo, imisebenzi yokuphakamisa kufanele ime ngokushesha.

2.3 Ukushisela nokuphepha emsebenzini oshisayo

Ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale ukushisela noma ukusika, izinto ezivuthayo neziqhumayo kufanele zisuswe endaweni yokusebenza.

Izinto ezifanele zokulawula umlilo kufanele zibe khona, kuhlanganise izicisha-mlilo, izingubo zokulala ezicisha umlilo, nezivimbelo ezingashi. Imvume yokusebenza endaweni eshisayo kufanele itholakale lapho idingeka khona.

Abashiseli kufanele bagqoke izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele, njenge:

• Izigqoko zokushisela

• Izingubo ezimelana nelangabi

• Welding amagilavu

• Izicathulo ezivikelayo

• Ukuvikelwa kwamehlo nokuphefumula lapho kunesidingo

Kufanele kuhlinzekwe komoya owanele ezindaweni ezivalekile noma ezingenawo umoya ohlanzekile ukuze kuncishiswe ukuchayeka kuntuthu wokushisela.

Ngemuva kokuqedwa kokushisela, indawo kufanele ihlolwe ukuthi azikho yini izinhlansi, i-hot slag, izinto ezishunqayo, nokunye okungase kube nemithombo yomlilo. Abasebenzi kufanele bahambe kuphela ngemuva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi ayikho ingozi yomlilo esele.

2.4 Ukuphepha Kokufaka Ibholidi Enamandla Aphezulu

Amabhawodi anamandla aphezulu kufanele agcinwe ezindaweni ezomile, ezihlanzekile futhi avikelwe emswakama, ukungcoliswa kwamafutha, ukugqwala, kanye nokulimala komthelela.

Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, abasebenzi kufanele basebenzise amagilavu ​​afanele namathuluzi. Amabhulothi ngokuvamile kufanele aqiniswe kusetshenziswa izikrufu zetorque ezilinganisiwe noma ezinye izinto ezigunyaziwe.

Inqubo yokuqinisa kufanele ilandele ukulandelana okucacisiwe, njengokuthi:

1. Ukuqina kokuqala

2. Ukuqiniswa kwesibili, lapho kudingeka

3. Ukuqiniswa kokugcina

Amathuluzi avamile noma angalinganisiwe akufanele athathe indawo yezinto ezibaluliwe zokuqinisa.

Amathuluzi, amabhawodi, amawasha, nezinto zesikhashana ezisetshenziswa ekuphakameni kufanele kuvikelwe kahle noma kugcinwe ukuvikela izingozi zento ewayo.

3. Ukuphathwa Kokuphepha Kwangemva Kokufakwa

3.1 Ukulungiswa Kwesikhashana kanye Nokuhlolwa Kwezigaba

Ngemuva kokuthi ikholomu ngayinye yensimbi, ugongolo, i-truss, noma ingxenye yokufaka isimisiwe, ukuxhumeka kwesikhashana nezisekelo kufanele kufakwe ngokushesha.

Isakhiwo kufanele sihlale sizinzile ngaphambi kokuthi i-crane ikhiphe ingxenye nangaphambi kokuba kuqale isigaba esilandelayo sokufaka.

Imisebenzi efihliwe, ehlanganisa amajoyinti ashiselwe, ukuxhunywa kwebhawodi enamandla amakhulu, kanye nemininingwane yokuxhumana kwangaphakathi, kufanele ihlolwe futhi yamukelwe ngaphambi kokuba imbozwe noma ingafinyeleleki.

3.2 Ukugcinwa Kwezindlu kanye Nokuvikela Umkhiqizo Oqediwe

Ekupheleni kweshifu ngayinye, amathuluzi, amabhawodi, izinto zokushisela, nezinto ezingasetshenzisiwe kufanele kuqoqwe futhi kugcinwe ngendlela efanele.

Imizila yokufinyelela, izinkundla zokusebenza, namaphaseji ezimo eziphuthumayo kufanele kuhlale kucacile.

Izingxenye zensimbi ezifakiwe kufanele zivikelwe ngokumelene nomthelela, ukungcoliswa, ukugqwala, kanye nokulimala kokunamathela. Izingxenye ezigcinwe ngaphandle kufanele ziphakanyiswe ngaphezu komhlabathi futhi zimbozwe ngesivikelo esifanelekile sokungenwa kwamanzi kuyilapho kugcinwa umoya owanele.

3.3 Ukuhlolwa Kokuphepha kanye Nesenzo Sokulungisa

Ukuhlola ukuphepha okuvamile kufanele kugxile kulokhu:

• Ukuvikelwa kokusebenza ngokuphakama

• Imishini yokuphakamisa

• Izisekelo zesikhashana

• Izinhlelo zikagesi zesikhashana

• Ukuvimbela umlilo

• Ukufinyelela kwe-Crane nezimo zomhlabathi

• Isitoreji sezinto ezibonakalayo

• Imishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu

Noma iyiphi ingozi ehlonziwe kufanele ilungiswe ngokushesha. Umsebenzi kufanele uqale kabusha kuphela ngemva kokuba izinyathelo zokulungisa sezihloliwe futhi zaqinisekiswa ukuthi ziyasebenza.

Imihlangano yokuphepha evamile futhi ingasiza ithimba lephrojekthi ukuthi libuyekeze izehlakalo, lihlonze izingozi ezingaba khona, futhi lithuthukise izinqubo zokwakha.

4. Ukulawula Ukunemba Kokufakwa Kwesakhiwo Sensimbi

Ukunemba kokufakwa kuthinta ngokuqondile ukudluliswa komthwalo wesakhiwo, ikhwalithi yokuxhuma, ukubukeka kwesakhiwo, ukufakwa kwezinto zokusebenza, nokusebenza kwesikhathi eside.

Ukulawula ukunemba kufanele kufake amabhentshimakhi wenhlolovo, ukuma kwengxenye, ukuphakama, ukuma, ikhwalithi yokuxhuma, ukuqondanisa kwesakhiwo, nokuhlolwa kobukhulu bokugcina.

5. Ukuma kanye nokulawula inhlolovo

5.1 Ukusungula Imigqa Yezithenjwa kanye Nezilinganiso

Ngaphambi kokufakwa, ithimba labakhi kufanele lisungule izindawo zokulawula ezinokwethenjelwa ngokuya ngemidwebo yokuklama kanye nenethiwekhi yokuhlola indawo.

Izinkomba zokulawula eziyinhloko ngokuvamile zihlanganisa:

• Izimbazo zokwakha

• Imigqa emaphakathi yekholomu

• Amabhentshimakhi okuphakama

• Amaphuzu okubhekisela esisekelo

• Imigqa yokulawula igridi

Lawa maphuzu okulawula kufanele amakwe ngokucacile, avikelwe ngokuphephile, futhi ahlolwe njalo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugudluzwa noma ukulimala ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa.

Amathuluzi okuhlola alinganiselwe, afana neziteshi eziphelele, amaleveli, namadivayisi wokulinganisa i-laser, kufanele asetshenziswe. Amaphutha okulinganisa kufanele ahlale ngaphakathi kokubekezelelana okuchazwe kumadokhumenti okuklama kanye namazinga asebenzayo.

5.2 Ukuma kwengxenye

Ngaphambi kokuphakamisa ingxenye ngayinye, indawo yayo yokufaka, ukuma kwayo, ukuphakama, kanye nemininingwane yokuxhumana kufanele kuqinisekiswe.

Iqembu lokuqala lamakholomu nemishayo libaluleke kakhulu ngoba amaphutha okumisa okuqala anganqwabelana kuso sonke isakhiwo.

Ngemva kokuba ingxenye yokuqala yokufaka isiqediwe, indawo yayo ye-eksisi, ukuphakama, isikhala, nokuma kwayo kufanele kukalwe futhi kulungiswe ngaphambi kokufakwa kwezingxenye ezilandelayo.

5.3 Ukulawula Ukuphakama Nokuma

Ukuma kwekholomu yensimbi kufanele kuqashelwe kusetshenziswa isiteshi esiphelele, ileveli, ithuluzi lelaser, noma idivayisi yokulinganisa ipayipi.

Ukuchezuka okuvunyelwe kufanele kulandele imininingwane yephrojekthi kanye namazinga asebenzayo. Isibonelo, amakholomu athile ensimbi enesitezi esisodwa angase alawulwe ekuchezukeni kokuma kungabi ngaphezu kuka-H/1000 no-10 mm, lapho u-H emelela ubude bekholomu. Imibandela yangempela yokwamukela kufanele ihlale iqinisekiswa ngokumelene nomklamo ogunyaziwe kanye nezinga elifanele lokwakha.

Ukuphakama kwekholomu kungalungiswa kusetshenziswa amashimu agunyaziwe, amapuleti ayisisekelo, amantongomane okulinganisa, noma amasistimu anganciphisi ama-grout.

Ama-Shims kufanele abe nobukhulu obufanele namandla futhi kufanele ahlelwe ukuze i-base plate ibe nokusekelwa okuzinzile nokufana okufanayo.

6. Ikhwalithi Yokuxhumana Nokulawula Ukunemba

6.1 Ukulawula Ukuxhumana Okushiselwe

Izinqubo zokushisela kufanele zihambisane nenqubo yokushisela egunyaziwe kanye namarekhodi okufaneleka kwenqubo yokushisela.

Ngaphambi kwe-welding, indawo ehlangene kufanele ihlanzwe ukuze isuswe:

• Amafutha

• Ukugqwala

• Umswakama

• Penda

• Ukungcola

• Isikali nokunye ukungcola

I-groove angle, igebe lempande, ukuqondanisa, i-welding current, i-voltage, isivinini sokuhamba, izinga lokushisa le-interpass, nokulandelana kokushisela kufanele kulawulwe ngokuya ngenqubo evunyelwe.

Ama-welds aqediwe kufanele angabi namaphutha angamukeleki afana nalokhu:

• Imifantu

• Ukuntuleka kwe-fusion

• Ukungena okungaphelele

• I-undercut eyeqile

• I-Porosity

• Ukufakwa kwe-slag

• Ukuqiniswa ngokweqile

• Ukugqagqana kwe-weld

Iphrofayili yokushisela, ubude, usayizi, nokubukeka kufanele kuhambisane nezidingo zokuklama.

Ama-welds abalulekile kufanele ahlolwe kusetshenziswa izindlela zokuhlola ezingonakali ezifanele, njengokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic, ukuhlolwa kwezinhlayiyana kazibuthe, ukuhlola kokungena ngaphakathi, noma ukuhlolwa kwe-radiographic, kuye ngedizayini nezidingo zekhwalithi.

6.2 Ukulawula Ukuxhuma Ibhothi Enamandla Aphezulu

Ngaphambi kokuthi kufakwe amabhawodi anamandla aphezulu, ububanzi bembobo yebhawodi, ukuqondanisa kwembobo, isimo sepuleti lokuxhuma, kanye nezindawo zokungqubuzana kufanele kuhlolwe.

Izimbobo kufanele zingabi nama-burrs, ukungcola, umswakama, nokunye okuvimbayo. Amabhawodi akufanele aphoqwe emigodini engaqondile ngokushaya ngesando.

Isikhombisi-ndlela sokufaka kufanele sihlale silingana lapho kungenzeka khona, futhi ukulandelana kokuqinisa ngokuvamile kufanele kuqhubeke ngokulinganayo ukusuka maphakathi noxhumano kuye emaphethelweni.

Amanani etorque okuqala, esibili, nawokugcina kufanele ahambisane nenqubo yokwakha egunyaziwe. Ngemuva kokuqiniswa kokugcina, amabhawodi aqediwe kufanele amakwe ukuze ahlolwe futhi alandeleke.

Izindawo zokungqubuzana kufanele zihlale zomile futhi zihlanzekile, futhi i-slip coefficient kufanele yenelise izidingo zokuklama.

6.3 Ukunemba Kokuhlukanisa Ingxenye

Ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye kanye nokuhlanganisa, izikhala ezihlangene, ama-edge offsets, ukuqondanisa, ukufana, kanye nokuhleleka kufanele kulawulwe ngokucophelela.

Lapho kufanele khona, umkhawulo ojwayelekile we-edge-offset ungalawulwa ungabi ngaphezu kuka-t/10 no-3 mm, lapho u-t kuwugqinsi lwengxenye. Kodwa-ke, ukubekezelelana kokugcina okuvunyelwe kufanele kunqunywe imidwebo yephrojekthi kanye nezinga elisebenzayo.

Ngaphambi kwe-welding noma i-bolting, izinto zesikhashana kufanele zibambe ngokuvikelekile izingxenye endaweni efanele. Ngemuva komhlangano, ilungu eliqediwe kufanele lihlolwe ubuqotho, ukuhlanekezela, ukusonteka kanye nokunemba kobukhulu.

Noma yikuphi ukuchezuka okudlula ukubekezelelana okuvunyelwe kufanele kulungiswe ngaphambi kokuba kuqale isigaba esilandelayo sokwakha.

7. Ukuqondanisa Kwesakhiwo Sekukonke

7.1 Izilinganiso Nokulungiswa Okuhleliwe

Ukufakwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi kufanele kuhlukaniswe ngezindawo ezilawulekayo, iphansi, noma izigaba zokumiswa.

Ngemuva kokuthi isigaba ngasinye sesiqediwe, ithimba lephrojekthi kufanele lenze ucwaningo oluphelele ukuze lihlole:

• Indawo ye-eksisi

• Isikhala sekholomu

• Ukuphakama

• Ukuma

• Izinga le-Beam

• Ukuqondile kwesakhiwo

• I-geometry ephelele

Izisekelo zesikhashana, izintambo zabafana, noma izisekelo eziqinile kufanele zihlale zikhona kuze kube yilapho isakhiwo sinokuzinza okwanele okungapheli.

Ukulungisa kufanele kuqedwe ngezigaba kunokuba kuhlehliswe kuze kube yilapho sonke isakhiwo sesifakiwe, njengoba ukuchezuka okunqwabelene kuba nzima kakhulu ukulungisa.

7.2 Ukulawula Imithelela Yezinga Lokushisa

Insimbi iyanwebeka futhi inkontileka ngokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Umehluko omkhulu wezinga lokushisa ungathinta ubukhulu bengxenye, imiphumela yocwaningo, ukuqondanisa kwembobo yebholidi, kanye nokunemba kukonke kokufaka.

Lapho kungenzeka khona, izilinganiso ezinembayo kufanele zenziwe ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ezizinzile.

Uma ukufakwa kufanele kwenziwe esimweni sezulu esishisayo noma esibanda kakhulu, ithimba labakhi kufanele licabangele isinxephezelo sezinga lokushisa elifanelekile futhi lirekhode izinga lokushisa le-ambient ngesikhathi sokulinganisa nokuqondanisa.

8. Ukuhlolwa Kokugcina Nokwamukelwa

Ngemuva kokuthi zonke izingxenye sezifakiwe, ukuhlolwa okuphelele kufanele kuqedwe.

Ukuhlola kokugcina kufanele ngokuvamile kufake:

• Ukuchezuka kwe-eksisi yesakhiwo

• Ukuma kwekholomu

• Ukuphakama kwengxenye

• Ukuqondanisa kwe-beam

• Izilinganiso zesakhiwo sezizonke

• Ikhwalithi yokuxhumana

• Amarekhodi okuqinisa ibholidi

• Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-Weld

• Umonakalo wokumboza

• Ukususwa kosekelo lwesikhashana

• Ukuzinza kwesakhiwo

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kufanele ihambisane nemibhalo yokuklama, i-GB 50205, namanye amazinga asebenzayo kazwelonke noma endawo.

Noma iyiphi indawo engahambisani kufanele ibhalwe phansi, ihlaziywe, futhi ilungiswe ngokohlelo olugunyaziwe lokulungisa ngaphambi komsebenzi olandelayo, njengokumboza ungashi, ukuvikela ukugqwala, ukufulela, ukumboza, noma ukufakwa kwezinto zokusebenza.

9. Izinyathelo Zokufaka Zezimo Zezulu Ezihlukene

9.1 Ukwakhiwa Kwenkathi Yemvula

Ngesikhathi sezulu, ithimba labakhi kufanele ligcine ukugeleza kwamanzi okusebenzayo futhi livimbele amanzi amile ukuthi angaphazamisi izisekelo ze-crane, imigwaqo yokungena, nezindawo zokugcina izingxenye.

Izingxenye zensimbi nezindawo zokushisela kufanele zivikelwe emvuleni. Izindawo zokukhosela zesikhashana zingadingeka ukuze kugcinwe izimo ezifanele zokushisela.

Ngemuva kwemvula enkulu, isisekelo se-crane, izimo ezithwala phansi, izisekelo zesikhashana, isikafula, kanye nokuxazululwa kwesisekelo kufanele kuhlolwe ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi uqalise.

9.2 Ukwakhiwa Kwasebusika

Esimweni sezulu esibandayo, izingxenye zensimbi zingadinga ukushisisa ngaphambi kokushisela. Izinga lokushisa langaphambi kokushisa elidingekayo kufanele linqunywe ngokuya ngebanga lensimbi, ubukhulu bepuleti, izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushisela, kanye nenqubo yokushisela evunyelwe.

Iqhwa neqhwa kufanele kususwe emizileni yokufinyelela, amapulatifomu okusebenza, izingxenye, namathuluzi okuphakamisa. Izinyathelo zokulwa nokushelela kufanele zihlinzekwe kuzo zonke izindawo ezisezingeni eliphezulu.

Amabhawodi anamandla aphezulu kufanele agcinwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele futhi avikelwe kumswakama kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu.

9.3 Ukwakhiwa Kwezinga Lokushisa Eliphezulu

Ngesikhathi sezulu esishisayo, amahora okusebenza kufanele ahlelwe ukuze kugwenywe amazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu emini uma kungenzeka.

Abasebenzi kufanele bathole amanzi okuphuza, izindawo zokuphumula ezinomthunzi, kanye nezinyathelo ezifanele zokuvimbela ukucindezeleka kokushisa.

Ukungena komoya okwanele kufanele kuhlinzekwe ngesikhathi sokushisela, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivalekile.

Izingxenye zensimbi ezinde kufanele futhi zivikelwe ekushiseni kwelanga ngokweqile lapho ukuguqulwa kwezinga lokushisa kungase kuthinte ukufakwa noma ukunemba kokulinganisa.

10. Ukudidiyela Nokuxhumana

Ukufakwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi kudinga ukusebenzelana okuseduze nokwakhiwa kwezindlu, amasistimu kagesi kanye nemishini, ukufulela, ukuvala, izindonga zamakhethini, nokunye ukuhweba okuhlobene.

Ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale ukwakhiwa, ithimba lephrojekthi kufanele liqinisekise:

• Izilinganiso zesisekelo

• Izindawo ze-anchor-bolt

• Amapuleti ashumekiwe

• Izikhala ezigciniwe

• Izisetshenziswa zokusebenzelana

• Ukungena kwemishini nogesi

• Izindawo zokuxhuma zokuvala

Lapho uhwebo oluhlukene lusebenza endaweni efanayo, ukulandelana kokwakha okudidiyelwe kufanele kuthuthukiswe ukuze kunqandwe izingxabano zokuphepha, ukulungisa kabusha, namaphutha obukhulu.

Uma kutholakala ukonakala kwezingxenye, ukuchezuka kobukhulu, ukungqubuzana kwemiklamo, noma izimo zesayithi ezingalindelekile kutholwa, abasebenzi kufanele bakubike ngokushesha kumphathi wezobuchwepheshe.

Ukusika okungagunyaziwe, ukubhoboza, ukushisela, noma ukuguqulwa kwezingxenye zesakhiwo akufanele kuvunyelwe. Noma yisiphi isisombululo sokulungisa kufanele sibuyekezwe futhi sigunyazwe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.

Isiphetho: Ukuphepha Nokunemba Kubaluleke Ngokulinganayo

Ukuphumelela kokufakwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi kuncike ekufezeni kokubili ukuhambisana nokuphepha kanye nokunemba kokufaka.

Ukuphathwa kokuphepha kufanele kufake iziqu zezisebenzi, okokusebenza kokuphakamisa izinto, izisekelo zesikhashana, ukusebenza endaweni ephakeme, ukusebenza kokushisela, amasistimu kagesi, kanye nokuhlelwa kwendawo.

Ukulawula ukunemba kufanele kugxile ekuhloleni, ekumisweni kwengxenye, ukuphakama, ukuma, ukuxhuma okushiselwe, amabhawodi anamandla amakhulu, ukuqondanisa ngesiteji, nokuhlola kokugcina.

Kumaphrojekthi asebenzayo, indlela yokufaka kufanele ilungiswe ngokuya ngohlobo lwesakhiwo, uhlelo lwesakhiwo, izimo zesizinda, isimo sezulu, izidingo zokuphakamisa kanye namazinga asebenzayo.

Ngokuhlanganisa ukuphathwa kokuphepha okuqinile nokulawula ukunemba okuhlelekile, osonkontileka banganciphisa izingozi zokwakha, bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokufaka, baqinisekise ikhwalithi yesakhiwo, futhi bandise impilo yesevisi yezakhiwo zensimbi.

Incazelo ye-Meta:
Funda izindinganiso zokuphepha eziyinhloko kanye nezidingo zokulawula ukunemba zokufakwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi, okuhlanganisa imisebenzi yokuphakamisa, ukushisela, amabhawodi anamandla aphezulu, ukumiswa, ukuqondanisa, ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu, nokuhlola kokugcina.