Ukwakhiwa kweshabhu yesakhiwo sensimbi kuhilela inqubo ehlanganisiwe ehlanganisa ukulungiswa kwesisekelo, ukwakhiwa kwensimbi yesakhiwo, ukufakwa kwendawo, ukufakwa kwendawo ebiyelwe, ukuphathwa kwendawo, kanye nokuhlolwa kokugcina.

Ukulandelana kokwakha okujwayelekile yilokhu:

Ukusetha → Ukufakwa Kwebhowudi Yehange → Ukwenziwa Kwensimbi → Ukwakhiwa Kwekholomu Yensimbi → Ukufakwa Kwensimbi Yensimbi → Ukufakwa Kwe-Crane Beam → Ukwakheka Kophahla & Ama-Purins → Ukufakwa Kophahla → Ukufakwa Kwezindonga → Ukumbozwa Kwaphezulu → Ukuhlola Kokugcina

Ukulawula okufanele kuzo zonke izigaba kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kwesakhiwo, ukusebenza kahle kokufaka, ukuphepha, nokuqina kwesikhathi eside.

1. Ukusetha Ukwakhiwa

Ukuhlelwa okunembile kunikeza isisekelo sokufakwa ngempumelelo kwesakhiwo sensimbi.

Ngaphambi kokuthi ukwakhiwa kuqale, ithimba lephrojekthi liqinisekisa izimbazo zesakhiwo, izindawo eziphakemeyo, izindawo zamakholomu, nobukhulu besisekelo ngokwemidwebo egunyaziwe.

Izinqubo ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlola izimbazo eziyisethenjwa kusetshenziswa amathuluzi okuhlola.

• Ukuqinisekisa ukuphakama kwesisekelo ngemishini yokukala.

• Ukumaka ngokucacile imigqa emaphakathi yekholomu kanye nezindawo eziyireferensi yokufaka.

• Ukuhlonza indawo ngqo yesisekelo sekholomu yensimbi ngayinye.

• Ukuhlola izindawo zebholidi yehange ngaphambi kokumiswa kwensimbi.

Ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kunikezwe ukuqondanisa phakathi kwamapuleti esisekelo sekholomu namabhawodi okuhanjelwa kuwo. Ukuma okungalungile kungase kubangele ubunzima bokufaka, ukuwohloka kwebhawodi, noma ukuthintana okunganele phakathi kwe-base plate nesisekelo sikakhonkolo.

2. Ukufakwa kwe-Anchor Bolt

Ama-anchor bolt axhuma amakholomu ensimbi kusisekelo sikakhonkolo ngakho adinga ukuma okunembile.

Ngaphambi kokuthela ukhonkolo:

• Qinisekisa ububanzi bebholithi yehange, ubude, izikhala, ukuphakama, nendawo.

• Vikela amabhawodi okusetshenzwa kulengwa ngokusebenzisa izifanekiso zokumisa noma amafreyimu okulungisa.

• Vikela izingxenye ezinentambo ekungcoleni kukakhonkolo.

• Hlola kabusha ukuqondanisa ngaphambi kokubeka ukhonkolo.

Ngesikhathi sokuthululwa kukakhonkolo, abasebenzi abaqokiwe kufanele baqaphe ukunyakaza kwebhawodi lehange futhi balungise ngokushesha noma yikuphi ukususwa.

Ngemva kokwelapha ukhonkolo, ukhonkolo oyinsalela kanye nokungcola okuzungeze imicu eveziwe kufanele kususwe ngaphambi kokumiswa kwensimbi.

3. Ukwenziwa Kwensimbi Yesakhiwo

Ukwenziwa kwensimbi kungesinye sezigaba ezibaluleke kakhulu zephrojekthi yonke. Izingxenye ngokuvamile zikhiqizwa endaweni elawulwayo yefekthri ngaphambi kokuba zihanjiswe endaweni yokwakha.

3.1 Ukuhlolwa Kwempahla

Ngaphambi kokwakhiwa, amapuleti ensimbi, izigaba, izinto zokushisela, amabhawodi, nezinto zokumboza kufanele zihlolwe.

Ukuhlola ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa:

• Ibanga lezinto ezibonakalayo

• Ubukhulu nobukhulu

• Isimo sobuso

• Izitifiketi zezinto ezibonakalayo

• Ukuhambisana nencazelo yephrojekthi

Izinto ezifanelekayo kuphela okufanele zingene ohlelweni lokukhiqiza.

3.2 Imininingwane kanye nokumaka

Imidwebo yokwenziwa ibuyekezwa ngaphambi kokusika.

Ulwazi olubalulekile njengokuthi:

• Ukusika izilinganiso

• Izikhundla zembobo ye-Bolt

• Amapuleti okuxhumana

• Izikhundla ze-Stiffener

• Imigqa emaphakathi

• Amamaki omhlangano

• Izidingo zokushisela

kufanele kubonakale ngokucacile.

Izibonelelo zokusika, umshini, ukuncipha kokushisela, nokufakwa kufanele kubhekwe lapho kudingeka khona.

3.3 Ukusika insimbi

Amapuleti ensimbi nezingxenye kungacutshungulwa kusetshenziswa ukusika amalangabi e-CNC, ukusika i-plasma, ukusika i-laser, i-sawing, noma enye imishini efanelekile ngokuya ngezinto ezibonakalayo nezidingo zengxenye.

Ngaphambi kokusika, ukugqwala, uwoyela, ukungcola, nokunye ukungcola kufanele kususwe endaweni yokusika.

Ngemva kokusika:

• I-slag ne-spatter iyasuswa.

• Imiphetho enqunyiwe iyahlolwa.

• Ubukhulu buhloliwe.

• Izingxenye zilungiselelwa isigaba sokwenziwa esilandelayo.

Izindawo ezisikiwe kufanele zingabi nemifantu, zingabi namaphutha amakhulu, futhi zingabi nalutho olungamukeleki.

3.4 Umhlangano Nokubunjwa

Ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa, amapuleti ensimbi nezingxenye kufanele ziqondiswe uma kunesidingo.

Izingxenye zibekwe ngokwemidwebo yokwenziwa futhi zilungiswa isikhashana ngaphambi kokushiselwa kokugcina.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa, ochwepheshe bayahlola:

• Ubukhulu besigaba

• Ukuqondanisa komugqa omaphakathi

• Indawo yepuleti

• Ukuma

• Ukunemba kokuxhumana

• I-geometry ephelele

Ngemva kokuhlolwa, ingxenye ngayinye imakwa ngenombolo kamazisi yokulandelela ukukhiqiza kanye nokufakwa kamuva.

3.5 Ukushisela

Amakholomu ensimbi nemishayo kungase kushiswe kusetshenziswa i-arc ye-arc engaphansi kwamanzi ezenzakalelayo, i-gas-shielded welding, i-welding manual, noma ezinye izinqubo ezifanelekayo kuye ngomklamo wengxenye.

Ngaphambi kwe-welding:

• Izindawo zokushisela kufanele zihlanzeke.

• Ukugqwala, amafutha, umswakama, isikali, nokungcoliswa kufanele kususwe.

• Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushisela kufanele zigcinwe kahle futhi zilungiswe.

• Amapharamitha we-Welding kufanele alandele inqubo ye-welding evunyelwe.

Ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, ikhwalithi yokushisela iyagadwa ukuze kulawulwe amaphutha afana ne-porosity, i-undercut, ukuhlanganisa okungaphelele, ukuhlanekezela, nokuqhekeka.

Ama-welds aqediwe ahlolwa ngokwezidingo zephrojekthi.

3.6 Ukubhoboza Imigodi

Izimbobo ze-bolt zikhiqizwa ngokwemidwebo yokwenziwa kusetshenziswa imishini yokumba noma yokucubungula ye-CNC.

Ukuhlola kugxile kulokhu:

• I-diameter yembobo

• Isikhala semigodi

• Ibanga lomphetho

• Isikhundla sembobo

• Ukuqondanisa isixhumanisi

Ukucutshungulwa kwembobo okunembile kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanganiswa kwesayithi nokuxhumeka okuboshiwe.

3.7 Ukuqondisa

Ukushisa okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokushisela kungase kubangele ukuwohloka kwamalungu ensimbi.

Ngakho-ke imishini yokuqondisa ingasetshenziswa ukulungisa:

• I-Flange deformation

• Ukugoba kwe-beam

• Ukuhlanekezela kwekholomu

• Ukuguqulwa kwepuleti lendawo

Ngemva kokuqondisa, izingxenye ziyahlolwa futhi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kobukhulu.

3.8 Qeda Ukucutshungulwa

Lapho kudingekile, iziphetho zemishayo namakholomu ashiselwe zingasikwa, zigaywe, noma zenziwe ngomshini ukuze kuzuzwe ubukhulu obucacisiwe nezindawo zokuthintana.

Ukulungiswa kokuphela okunembile kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okulungile nokuqondanisa phakathi nokufakwa.

4. Ukulungiselela Ubuso Nokuvikela Ukugqwala

Ukwelashwa okungaphezulu kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukunamathela kokunamathela nokuvikela insimbi yesakhiwo ekugqwaleni.

I-Shot Blasting

Amalungu ensimbi angahlanzwa kusetshenziswa iziqhumane eziqhumayo noma izinto eziqhumayo ukuze zisuswe:

• Ukugqwala

• Isikali somshini

• Izinsalela zokushisela

• Ukungcoliswa komhlaba

Ngemuva kokuqhuma, indawo yensimbi kufanele ihlanzwe ngaphambi kokumbozwa.

I-Protective Coating

Ngokuya ngendawo yephrojekthi kanye nokucaciswa, ukuvikela ukugqwala kungabandakanya:

• I-Anti-corrosion primer

• Ukugqoka okuphakathi

• Qeda ukugqoka

• I-primer ecebile nge-Zinc

• I-hot-dip galvanizing

• Amanye amasistimu okuvikela acacisiwe

Ubukhulu be-coating kanye nokubukeka kufanele kuhlolwe ngokuvumelana nezidingo zephrojekthi ezigunyaziwe.

5. Ukupakisha kanye Nezokuthutha

Ngemuva kokwakhiwa nokuhlolwa, izingxenye zilungiselelwa ukulethwa.

Ilungu ngalinye kufanele likhonjwe ngokucacile ngokwemidwebo yokumiswa.

Ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa:

• Izingxenye zihlolelwa umonakalo.

• Izindawo ezimboziwe zivikelekile.

• Izingxenye ezincane kanye nezinsiza zokuxhuma zipakishwa ngokwehlukana.

• Izingxenye zihlelwa ngokulandelana kokufakwa lapho kusebenza khona.

Ukupakisha ngendlela efanele kusiza ukunciphisa umonakalo ngesikhathi sokuphakamisa, ukulayisha, ukuthuthwa olwandle, ukuthulula, nokugcinwa kwendawo.

6. Ukuhlolwa Kwemboni Ngaphambi Kokulethwa

Ngaphambi kokuthi izingxenye zensimbi zesakhiwo zihambe efekthri, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi kungabandakanya:

• Ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Dimensional

• Ukuhlolwa kokushisela

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-bolt hole

• Ukuhlolwa kokwelashwa okungaphezulu

• Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-coating

• Ukuhlonza ingxenye

• Ukuhlola ukupakisha

Amadokhumenti ephrojekthi ajwayelekile angafaka:

• Izitifiketi zezinto ezibonakalayo

• Amarekhodi okuhlolwa komkhiqizo

• Amarekhodi Welding

• Amarekhodi okuhlolwa kwe-coating

• Imidwebo yokwenziwa

• Izinhlu zokupakisha

• Uhlu lokulethwa kwezingxenye

7. Ukulungiselela Ngaphambi Kokufakwa Kwesakhiwo Sensimbi

Ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale ukwakhiwa, ithimba lokufaka kufanele liqinisekise ukuthi isisekelo sikakhonkolo nezingxenye zensimbi ezakhiwe zihlangabezana nezidingo zephrojekthi.

Ukulungiselela kuvame ukufaka:

• Ihlola izimbazo zesisekelo nokuphakama.

• Ihlola izindawo zebhawodi lehange.

• Ibuyekeza imidwebo yokumiswa.

• Ukulungisa izinto zokuphakamisa.

• Ukuhlela ukulandelana kokumiswa.

• Ukuhlola izingxenye zesakhiwo ngokumelene nohlu lokupakisha.

• Ukuhlela izingxenye eduze nezindawo zazo zokufakwa.

Lokhu kulungiselelwa kusiza ukunciphisa ukuphatha okungadingekile futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokufaka.

8. Ukufakwa Kwekholomu Yensimbi

Amakholomu ensimbi ngokuvamile aphakathi kwamalungu okuqala amakhulu esakhiwo afakiwe.

Ngaphambi kokuphakamisa, amaphuzu okuphakamisa kanye nendlela yokubopha kufanele kuqinisekiswe.

Ngesikhathi sokuqhanyelwa:

1. Phakamisa ikholomu yensimbi ngokucophelela.

2. Qondanisa izimbobo ze-base plate nama-anchor bolt.

3. Yehlisa ikholomu endaweni.

4. Faka futhi uqinise okwesikhashana amantongomane okusetshenzwa.

5. Hlola ukuma kwekholomu nokuma kwayo.

6. Lungisa ikholomu njengoba kudingeka.

7. Vikela ikholomu ngaphambi kokukhipha izinto zokuphakamisa.

Amathuluzi okuhlola asetshenziselwa ukuqapha ukuqondanisa okuqondile phakathi nokufakwa.

9. Ukufakwa kwe-Steel Beam

Imishayo yensimbi ifakwa ngemva kokuba amakholomu emisiwe futhi azinziswa okwesikhashana.

Inqubo evamile ihlanganisa:

• Ukukhetha izindawo zokuphakamisa ezifanele.

• Ukuphakamisa i-beam endaweni.

• Ukuqondanisa izixhumanisi ze-beam-to-column.

• Ifaka amabhawudi esikhashana.

• Ukulungisa ukuphakama nokuqondanisa.

• Ukufaka amabhawodi anamandla amakhulu noma ukuqedela ukushisela okudingekayo.

• Ukwenza ukuhlola kokugcina.

Ukuzinza kwesakhiwo kufanele kugcinwe kuyo yonke inqubo yokumiswa.

10. Ukufakwa kwe-Crane Beam

Kuma-workshops ensimbi yezimboni afakwe ama-cranes angaphezulu, imishayo ye-crane ifakwa ngokuvumelana nemidwebo yesakhiwo evunyelwe.

Ukunakwa okukhethekile kunikezwa:

• Ukuphakama kwe-beam

• Ukuqondanisa okuvundlile

• Ubukhulu be-span

• Ukunemba kokuxhumana

• Izidingo zokufaka ujantshi

Ukufakwa okunembile kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okuthembekile kwezinhlelo ze-crane.

11. Ukufakwa kwe-Purlin ne-Bracing

Ngemva kokwakhiwa nokulungiswa kohlaka lwensimbi oluyinhloko, amalungu esakhiwo sesibili afakwa.

Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise:

• Ama-purlins ophahleni

• Amabhande odonga

• Ukubhula okuvundlile

• I-bracing eqondile

• Izinduku zokubopha

• Sag izinduku

Ama-purlin ngokuvamile aboshelwa kubakaki noma amalungu asekelayo.

Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, izikhala, ukuqondanisa, kanye nobuqotho kufanele kubhekwe ngokucophelela ngoba la malungu athinta ngqo ikhwalithi yokufaka yokufulela nodonga.

12. Ukufakwa kwe-Bolt enamandla amakhulu

Izixhumanisi eziboshiwe eziqinile zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo sensimbi.

Ngaphambi kokufakwa, izindawo zokuxhuma kufanele zihlanzeke, zome, futhi zingabi nawo uwoyela, isikali esixegayo, isipatha sokushisela, noma okunye ukungcola.

Izidingo zokufaka ezibalulekile zifaka:

• Amabhawudo kufanele adlule emigodini ngokukhululeka ngaphandle kokushaywa ngesando ngempoqo.

• Izimbobo ze-bolt akufanele zikhuliswe kusetshenziswa ukusika okungalawulwa kokushisa.

• Amabhawodi aqine kakhulu akufanele asetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile njengamabhawodi okumisa esikhashana.

• Ukuqinisa kufanele kulandele ukulandelana okucacisiwe.

• Amabholithi kufanele aqiniswe kusukela phakathi nendawo yokuxhuma kuya emaphethelweni lapho kufanele khona.

• Ukuqinisa kokuqala nokuqinisa kokugcina kufanele kulandele inqubo yokufaka egunyaziwe.

Ukuxhumana okuqediwe kufanele kuhlolwe ngokuya ngemininingwane yephrojekthi.

13. Ukufakwa Kwephaneli Yodonga

Ukuvala udonga kufakwa ngemuva kokuthi uhlaka lwesakhiwo oluyinhloko futhi amalungu esibili eqondaniswe kahle.

Ngaphambi kokufaka:

• Hlola izinhlobo zamaphaneli, ubukhulu, nenani.

• Hlola amaphaneli awonakele kanye nokucwayiza.

• Qinisekisa ukuqondanisa kwebhithi yodonga.

• Susa izinsalela zokushisela nezinye izithiyo.

• Lungiselela ama-sealant adingekayo, izinto zokubopha, kanye nezinsiza.

Amaphaneli odonga ngokuvamile afakwa ngokulandelana ukusuka ekugcineni kwesakhiwo.

Ngesikhathi sokufaka:

• Gcina ukuqondanisa okuqondile.

• Iphaneli yokulawula iyagqagqana.

• Qinisa ama-fasteners ngendlela efanele.

• Vala amalunga lapho kudingeka.

• Gcwalisa imininingwane ekhanyayo neyokuvikela amanzi.

Ukufakwa kahle kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukubukeka kwesakhiwo, ukumelana nesimo sezulu, nempilo yesevisi.

14. Ukufakwa Kwephaneli Yophahla

Ukufakwa kophahla kuvame ukuqala ngemva kokuqedwa kwesistimu yesakhiwo eyinhloko, ama-purlins, nokubracing.

Amaphaneli ophahla kufanele ahlelwe ngokuvumelana nemidwebo yokufaka egunyaziwe.

Ngesikhathi sokufaka:

• Qala kusukela ekupheleni kwesakhiwo.

• Gcina umumo wephaneli olungile.

• Hlola umthambeka wophahla ngokuqhubekayo.

• Gcina izimbambo zephaneli ziqondanisiwe.

• Gwema amalunga aguquguqukayo angadingekile lapho kungenzeka khona.

• Bamba amaphaneli ngokucophelela ukuze uvimbele ukuklwebheka nokuguqulwa.

• Faka izinto zokubopha nezinto zokuvala ngokwezidingo zesistimu.

Ukuqondanisa okuhle kubaluleke kakhulu eduze konqenqema namaphethelo ophahleni.

15. I-Ridge Cap kanye nokufakwa kwe-Flashing

Ngemva kokufakwa kwamaphaneli amakhulu ophahleni, kufakwa ama-ridge cap, ama-trim, nama-flashing.

Ama-sealant noma ama-sealing strips angasetshenziswa lapho kudingeka khona ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza okungangeni manzi.

Ukukhanyisa kufanele kufakwe:

• Isikhombisi-ndlela sokugqagqana esilungile

• Ukuqiniswa okuvikelekile

• Ukuqondanisa okuqondile nokungaguquguquki

• Ukubekwa uphawu okulungile

• Ukukhipha amanzi okusebenzayo

Le mininingwane idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukungena kwamanzi esakhiweni.

16. Ukulungiswa Kwemijiko Esendaweni

Nakuba insimbi yesakhiwo ngokuvamile imbozwe efekthri, ukuthutha nokufakwa kungase kubangele umonakalo omncane endaweni evikelayo.

Ngaphambi kokudweba okuthinta phezulu:

• Susa ukungcola, ukugqwala, i-welding slag, uwoyela, nokunamathela okonakele.

• Hlanza futhi ulungise indawo ethintekile.

• Faka i-primer yokulungisa ecacisiwe futhi uqedele ukunamathela.

• Hlola ukuqhubeka nokubukeka kwe-coating.

Uhlelo lokumboza kufanele lulandele njalo ukucaciswa kwephrojekthi okugunyaziwe kanye nezidingo zesistimu yokuvikela ekhethiwe.

17. Ukuhlolwa Kokugcina

Ngemva kokuqedwa kokwakhiwa, isakhiwo sensimbi kufanele sihlolwe ikhwalithi yokugcina.

Ukuhlola okujwayelekile kuhlanganisa:

• Ukuma kwekholomu

• Ukuqondanisa kwe-beam

• Ubukhulu besakhiwo

• Izixhumanisi ze-Bolt

• Izixhumanisi ezishiselwe

• Ukufakwa kwe-bracing

• Ukuqondanisa kwephaneli yophahla nodonga

• Imininingwane yokuvimbela amanzi

• Ukumboza ubuso

• Ukubukeka sekukonke

Noma yiziphi izinto ezingavumelani kufanele zilungiswe ngaphambi kokwamukelwa kokugcina kwephrojekthi.

Isiphetho

eyimpumelelo Iphrojekthi yokusebenzela yesakhiwo sensimbi incike ekwenziweni okunembile, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi ngokucophelela, ezokuthutha ezihleliwe, ukumiswa kochwepheshe, nokuhlolwa kokufakwa okuqinile.

Kusukela ekulungisweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo nokwakhiwa kwensimbi kuya ekumiseni ikholomu, ukufakwa kohlaka, ukufulela, ukuvala udonga, nokuhlanganisa okokugcina , isinyathelo ngasinye sinomthelela oqondile ekuphepheni kwesakhiwo, ukusebenza kahle kokwakhiwa, nokusebenza kwesikhathi eside.

I-ZSJH Steel ihlinzeka ngezixazululo zesakhiwo sensimbi esisodwa esihlanganisa imininingwane, ukulungiswa kwempahla, ukwakhiwa kwensimbi yesakhiwo, ukushisela, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi, ukwelashwa kwendawo, ukupakishwa kwamanye amazwe, nokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe.

Senza izakhiwo zensimbi ezenziwe ngezifiso:

• Imihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi yezimboni

• Izinqolobane zesakhiwo sensimbi

• Izikhungo Logistics

• Ukukhiqiza izitshalo

• Izakhiwo zezentengiselwano

• Izakhiwo zezolimo

• Ama-hangars ezindiza

• Izakhiwo zensimbi ezinezitezi eziningi

• Amaphrojekthi ensimbi enziwe ngokwezifiso

Unephrojekthi yesakhiwo sensimbi? Sithumelele imidwebo yakho, ubukhulu, izidingo zezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nemininingwane yephrojekthi ukuze uthole isisombululo sokwenziwa ngokwezifiso kanye nekhotheshini.