Ukwakhiwa Kwesakhiwo Sensimbi ngaphansi kwemodeli yenkontileka evamile kuyindlela yokulethwa komthombo owodwa wabanikazi abaqhathanisa usonkontileka oyedwa onesibopho nedizayini ehlukile, ukwakhiwa, nabathengisi bokwakha. Ihlanganisa ukudidiyelwa kwemiklamo, imininingwane, ukuthengwa kwempahla, ukwakhiwa, ukufakwa kwezinto, ukufakwa, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi, kanye nokunikezwa. Inkinga yebhizinisi ngokuvamile akuyona intengo yensimbi iyodwa. Ukushelela kweshejuli, izikhala zokuklama kuya kokwenziwa, ukukhuphuka kwezindleko, kanye nesibopho esingacacile lapho amaphakheji ensimbi ayinkimbinkimbi esuka ekubalweni eya emsebenzini wesayithi.

Ilensi yesinqumo kufanele ihlanganise ububanzi bokulethwa, ukujula kobunjiniyela, amandla emboni, ukuhlelwa kokumiswa, ukuthobela, kanye nezindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila. Izinto eziguquguqukayo zobuchwepheshe ezifana nemithwalo, ukuxhuma, ukulandelana kokwenziwa, ukuvikelwa komlilo, ama-coatings, nezindlela zokuphakamisa kuthinta ngokuqondile imiphumela yezohwebo. Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza ukuthi inkontileka evamile isebenza kanjani kuyo yonke idizayini, ukuthengwa kwempahla, ukwakhiwa, ukuhlelwa kwezinto, ukwakhiwa, i-QA/QC, kanye nokunikezwayo, ukuze ababhidi bangahlulelwa ngengozi efakiwe esikhundleni se-tonnage yesihloko. Iphinde ibeke izidingo zobufakazi obusebenzayo ngaphambi kokuklonyeliswa kwamaphrojekthi ezimboni, indawo yokugcina impahla, namaphrojekthi wokwakha amade.

Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile

• Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi kushesha kakhulu futhi kunobungozi obuphansi kakhulu lapho ubunjiniyela, imininingwane, ukwakhiwa, nokwakhiwa kuhlanganiswa ngaphansi kwemodeli eyodwa yokulethwa okuziphendulela.

• Usonkontileka ofanele akayena nje umphakeli wensimbi; badinga ubunjiniyela besakhiwo sensimbi obufakazelwe, amandla esitolo, ukuhlela ukumisa, nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi okusekelwe kumazinga

• Izindleko kufanele zihlulelwe ngesamba sezindleko ezifakiwe kanye nesiqiniseko seshejuli, hhayi kuphela intengo yensimbi yethani ngalinye; idizayini yokuxhuma, okokunamathela, okokusebenza, izinhlelo ze-crane, kanye nobungozi bokusebenza kabusha kushintsha i-TCO

• Insimbi imvamisa iyinketho engcono kuma-spans amade, izakhiwo zezimboni, namaphrojekthi ohlaka lwensimbi aphakeme kakhulu, kodwa ukuvikela umlilo, ukuchayeka kokugqwala, kanye nezidingo zekhodi kufanele kubekwe intengo ngokwethembeka ngaphambili.

• Ibhidi elithembekile kufanele lifakazele ukuhambisana nekhodi, izinto ezilandelekayo, izinqubo zokushisela ezifanelekayo kanye ne-bolting, umthamo wefekthri, isikhathi sokuhola esingokoqobo sokwenziwa, kanye ne-matrix yemfanelo ecacile.

Yini Ehlanganisa Ukwakhiwa Kwesakhiwo Sensimbi Kumodeli Yenkontileka Ejwayelekile

Kusho ukuthini ukwenza isivumelwano okuvamile kumaphrojekthi wesakhiwo sensimbi

Inkontileka evamile emsebenzini wesakhiwo sensimbi isho ukuthi iketango elilodwa lokudiliva lilawula iphakethe lensimbi ukusuka encazelweni yokuqala kuya ekwamukelweni kokugcina. Ububanzi bungase buhlanganise ukusekela komqondo, ukuhlanganisa idizayini yesakhiwo, idizayini yokuxhuma, imininingwane, ukuthengwa kwempahla, ukwakhiwa, ezokuthutha, ukumiswa, ukwesekwa kokuhlola, kanye nemibhalo yokunikezelwa.

Lokhu kwehluka ezinkontilekeni zokuhlinzeka ngezinto ezibonakalayo kuphela noma izinkontileka zokwenziwa kuphela. Ngaphansi kokuthenga okuhlukene, inhloso yedizayini, imininingwane yesitolo, ukulandelana kokwenziwa, kanye nokwakhiwa kwenkundla kungase kuhlale nezinhlangano ezihlukene. Uma uxhumano lushayisana nomzila wezindiza we-crane, ukuvulwa kophahla, noma indawo yebhawodi lehange, isibopho singaphikiswana. Ngaphansi kwemodeli ehlanganisiwe, usonkontileka uqondisa ama-RFI, ukubuyekezwa kwemidwebo, izinto eziza kuqala ezitolo, izimpawu zokuthumela, kanye nezimpendulo zesayithi ngokusebenzisa ukuhamba komsebenzi okukodwa okulawulwayo.

Imodeli ibaluleke kakhulu lapho iphrojekthi inezinsuku ezicindezelweyo, izixhumanisi zohwebo ezinzima, izinto zokuthumela ngaphandle, ukunikezela ngezigaba, noma ubuchwepheshe bensimbi obulinganiselwe bomnikazi. Kuyasiza futhi lapho izakhiwo eziphindaphindwayo kufanele zithwale izifundo ezifundwe kusukela kwesinye isigaba kuye kwesinye.

I-matrix yesibopho sokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi

Iphathi	Izibopho ezijwayelekile	Ingozi uma isibopho singacacile
Umnikazi	Ichaza ukusetshenziswa kwebhilidi, imithwalo yokusebenza, isabelomali, izinhlelo zokunweba, nezinsuku zokugcina zesinqumo	Izinguquko ezingemuva kwesikhathi, ukudizayina kabusha, kanye nemibandela yokwamukela engacacile
Umakhi	Ixhumanisa isakhiwo, ubude obucacile, ukufinyelela, imvilophu, ukuhlala, kanye nezidingo zesikhala esiqhutshwa ikhodi	Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwendawo esebenzisekayo nokusebenza kahle kwesakhiwo
Unjiniyela wesakhiwo	Amadizayini afaka uzimele wokuphepha, ukuzinza, ukusebenziseka, nokuhambisana nekhodi	Uhlaka olungaphephile, olwakhiwe ngokweqile, noma okunzima ukulumisa
Imininingwane yensimbi	Ikhiqiza imidwebo yezitolo, imininingwane yokuxhumana, izinhlu zamabhawodi, imidwebo yokumiswa, nezinombolo zokumaka	Ukubambezeleka kokwenziwayo, izingxenye ezingekho, nokwehluleka kokulinganisa inkambu
Imboni yesakhiwo sensimbi	Ithola izinto zokwakha, yenza amalungu, igcine ukulandeleka, isebenzisa okokunamathela, namaphakethe ngendawo yokumiswa	Ukuhlukahluka kwekhwalithi, ukukhubazeka kokumboza, nokulethwa okungahlelekile
Usonkontileka jikelele	Ixhumanisa izisekelo, ukuvala, i-MEP, ukuhlolwa, ukuphepha, ama-RFI, ishejuli, nokunikezelwa	Ukwehluleka kokusebenzelana phakathi kwensimbi nokunye ukuhweba
I-Erector	Ilawula ukuphakamisa, ukuzinza kwesikhashana, ukufaka ibhawudi, ukushisela, ukuqondanisa, nokuphepha kwesayithi	Ukuma okungaphephile, ukwehluleka ukubekezelela, nokusebenza kabusha
Igunya noma umhloli wenkampani yangaphandle	Iqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwekhodi, ukuhlolwa okukhethekile, amarekhodi okwamukela, namadokhumenti avaliwe	Ukuhlola okuhlulekile, ukukhishwa kwezimvume, nokubambezeleka kokuhlala

Izinhlobo zephrojekthi ezijwayelekile ezihlanganisiwe

Ukulethwa kwensimbi okuhlanganisiwe kuvamile ezindlini zokugcina izimpahla, izikhungo zempahla, amahholo ezimboni, izindawo zokulenga izindiza, izikhungo zemidlalo, kanye nezakhiwo ezihlanganisiwe zensimbi-ukhonkolo. Iphinde ilingane a Ishabhu yesakhiwo sensimbi lapho imishayo ye-crane, i-mezzanines, umoya omncane, okokusebenza, kanye nezindawo zokunweba kumele kuhlanganiswe kusenesikhathi.

A Isakhiwo sensimbi esenziwe ngaphambilini singanciphisa ubude bendawo lapho amatheku aphindaphindiwe, amalungu ajwayelekile, kanye nezinombolo zamamaki ezicacile kuvunyelwana ngaphambi kokwenziwa. A Iphrojekthi ye -High-rise Steel Frame ingase izuze esisindweni sesakhiwo esilula, ukumiswa kwesigaba esisheshayo, nokuziphatha kwe-ductile seismic, kodwa idinga izilawuli eziqinile phezu kokuvikela umlilo, ukubekezelela, nokuxhumeka.

Lapho ukulethwa okuhlanganisiwe kufanelana, futhi uma kungakwenzi

• Ilingana amaphrojekthi anamashejuli anolaka, ukuhlala ngezigaba, noma ukuhanjiswa kwesifunda.

• Ilingana namabhilidi lapho insimbi, izisekelo, ukuvala, ama-cranes, i-MEP, nokuvikela umlilo kugqagqana.

• Ilingana nabanikazi abadinga iqembu elilodwa ukuze lilawule imininingwane, ukwenziwa, ukulethwa, nokulandelana kokumiswa.

• Ingase ingalingani nezakhiwo ezincane lapho ukudidiyelwa kohwebo lwendawo kulula.

• Ingase ingalingani abanikazi abadinga ukuthengwa okuhlukene kwamabhidi amaningi ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Ingabe Ukwakhiwa Kwesakhiwo Sensimbi Luhlelo Lwesakhiwo Olulungile Lwephrojekthi?

Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi vs ukhonkolo oqinisiwe

Insimbi ivamise ukukhethelwa izikhala ezinde, izisekelo ezilula, ukuhlanganisa ngokushesha, ukunwetshwa okuzayo, nokuvumelana nezimo kangcono. Ukhonkolo ungaqina kwezentengiso lapho ukumelana nomlilo, i-acoustic mass, ukuncibilika kokudlidliza, noma umnotho wendawo ubusa. Impendulo elungile incike ekusetshenzisweni, ekulayishweni, kwikhodi, ekufinyeleleni isayithi, namasu omjikelezo wokuphila.

Isici	Isakhiwo sensimbi	Ukhonkolo oqinisiwe
Isisindo	Ngokuvamile ilula kakhulu; ezinye iziqhathaniso zibalula uhlaka lwensimbi olufanele njengokulula okungama-60%.	Isisindo, ngokuvamile okwandisa ukusabela kwesisekelo
Umthwalo ongasekho phansi okhombisayo	Imvamisa cishe ku-60 kuye ku-75 psf, kuye ngokwakhiwa kwesistimu	Imvamisa cishe ku-110 kuye ku-130 psf, kuya ngomklamo we-slab nogongolo
Amandla we-span	Iqinile kumagridi amakhulu, ama-spans acacile, ama-trusses, namafreyimu ephothali	Inganwebeka kahle, kodwa ingase ijule noma ibe nzima
Isheduli	Ukwakhiwa ngaphandle kwendawo kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwensimu okusheshayo kunganciphisa indlela ebalulekile yesayithi	Ukusebenza kwefomu, ukuthululwa okuhleliwe, nesikhathi sokwelapha kunganweba ukulandelana
Ukuziphatha kokuzamazama komhlaba	I-Ductile uma iklanywe futhi inemininingwane ngaphansi kwekhodi ebusayo	Isisindo esiphezulu singanyusa isidingo sokuzamazama komhlaba
Isu lomlilo	Imvamisa idinga ukumbozwa nge-intumescent, isivikelo esiqinile sikasimende, i-encasement, noma enye isistimu egunyaziwe	Isisindo sikakhonkolo singanikeza ukumelana nomlilo okungokwemvelo
Izinguquko zesikhathi esizayo	Ngokuvamile kulula ukulungisa, ukuqinisa, ukunweba, noma ukuthuthela kwenye indawo kancane	Izinguquko zingaphazamisa kakhulu futhi zisebenze kanzima

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifanele kakhulu zensimbi

• Amahholo okukhiqiza esikhathi eside, izikhungo zempahla, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla, nezindawo zokusebenzela ezidinga indawo evulekile.

• Izakhiwo zezimboni lapho isikhathi sokuphumula, isivinini sokusebenza, nezinguquko zomugqa zesikhathi esizayo zithinta i-ROI.

• Amaphrojekthi aphezulu noma asemadolobheni lapho amalungu alula kanye nokumiswa okusheshayo kuthuthukisa ukuhlelwa kokufinyelela.

• Izinhlelo eziphindayo ezakhelwe ngaphambili ezinamatheku ajwayelekile kanye nezigaba zokunwetshwa.

• Izakhiwo ezisebenzisa amagridi asebenza kahle, afana cishe no-42 ft by 30 ft lapho ubunjiniyela buqinisekisa isakhiwo.

Izinzuzo nemikhawulo abanikazi kufanele benze intengo kusenesikhathi

Isigaba	Umphumela wezohwebo	Impendulo kasonkontileka
Isilinganiso esiphezulu samandla nesisindo	Inganciphisa izisekelo futhi isekele ama-spans amade	Qinisekisa isikhala se-bay, osayizi bamalungu, nesistimu esemaceleni kusenesikhathi
Ukwenziwa kwefekthri	Ithuthukisa ukuphindaphinda nokufinyelela kokuhlolwa	Sebenzisa izinto ezilandelekayo, okokusebenza okulinganiselwe, kanye namarekhodi e-QA wokuthenga
Ukuvikelwa komlilo	Yengeza izindleko, izinyathelo zokuhlola, nokuxhumana kwezohwebo	Chaza isilinganiso somlilo namasistimu ahambisanayo ngaphambi kwentengo yokugcina
Ukuchayeka kokugqwala	Inyusa izimfuneko zokumboza, zokubeka uthayela, nokugcinwa kwazo	Hlukanisa ukuchayeka kogu, amakhemikhali, okuswakeme, noma okungaphakathi ngendlela efanele
Ukubhuqa nokudlidliza	Kungathinta ukunethezeka, ukusebenza kwemishini, nokusebenza kahle	Lawula i-bracing, ukuqina, imikhawulo yokuchezuka, kanye nemininingwane yokuxhumana

Inqubo Yobunjiniyela Besakhiwo Sensimbi Yokuphela Kuya-Ekupheleni

Incazelo yesiphetho kanye nokuba nokwenzeka

Isiteji esingaphambili siguqula izidingo zebhizinisi zibe imibandela yobunjiniyela. Ithimba lephrojekthi kufanele liqinisekise ukusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo, igridi, ubude obucacile, imithwalo yaphansi, imithwalo yophahla, imithwalo ye-crane, ukulayishwa kwemishini, imikhawulo yokudlidliza, isu lokunweba, imikhawulo yokufinyelela, kanye nomzila wezimvume. Lezi zinto zithinta ithoni, ukukhethwa kwamalungu, ukusabela kwesisekelo, ukulandelana kokwenziwa, kanye nendlela yokumiswa.

Ukuqagela kwezohwebo kufanele futhi kulungiswe kusenesikhathi. Kubandakanya idethi yokuphothula okuhlosiwe, ukufaneleka kwentengo yensimbi, izindawo zokwenziwa, isigaba sokumboza, isilinganiso somlilo, ukupakishwa kokuthekelisa, ibanga lokuthumela, kanye nobubanzi bokuhlola. Imemorandamu yesisekelo sokuklama inikeza ababhidayo ukuqagela komthwalo ofanayo, imikhawulo yokuchezuka, isigaba sokugqwala, imibandela yomlilo, nesisekelo sekhodi.

Izinhloso zokuklama kwesakhiwo kanye nokuhamba komsebenzi

Ubunjiniyela besakhiwo sensimbi yikho kokubili ukuthuthukiswa komqondo kanye nokulinganisa amalungu. Unjiniyela kufanele alinganise amandla, ukuzinza, ukusebenza kahle, ukwakhiwa, ukufinyelela kokuhlola, ukugcinwa, kanye nezindleko. Ukugeleza komsebenzi kufanele kubonakale ngaphambi kokukhishwa kokukhiqiza.

• Qinisekisa ukuhlala, ukusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo, imithwalo yokusebenza, nemibandela yokusebenza.

• Thuthukisa igridi, isikhala se-bay, ukuphakama okucacile, ukuthambekela kophahla, nokuqagela kokunwetshwa.

• Khetha uhlaka oluyinhloko kanye nesistimu yokumelana nezinhlangothi.

• Chaza okufile, bukhoma, uphahla bukhoma, umoya, iqhwa, i-seismic, crane, okokusebenza, kanye nemithwalo yesibambiso.

• Hlaziya isakhiwo bese uqedela ukulinganisa kwamalungu okuqala.

• Dizayina imishayo, amakholomu, ama-bracing, ama-trusses, amabhande, amapuleti ayisisekelo, namalungu abalulekile esibili.

• Dizayina ukuxhumana futhi uqinisekise ukusebenza kwesitolo nenkundla.

• Hlola imikhawulo yezokuthutha, ukufinyelela kwe-crane, ukulandelana kokumiswa, kanye nokuba nokwenzeka kokwakhiwa.

• Izibalo zokukhishwa, imidwebo, ukucaciswa, nezimfuneko zokuhlola ukuze zigunyazwe.

Imithwalo, isisekelo sekhodi, nezindlela zokuklama

Incazelo yomthwalo ingashintsha isabelomali ngaphezu komehluko omncane wentengo yensimbi. Imithwalo efile ihlanganisa ukuzikala kwensimbi, amadekhi, amasistimu ophahleni, izinto zokugqoka, osilingi, izinto zokuvikela umlilo, nemishini engashintshi. Imithwalo ephilayo ihlanganisa ukuhlala, ukugcinwa, izimoto, ukufinyelela ekulungiseni, okokusebenza okuhambisekayo, namakhreni. Imithwalo yemvelo ihlanganisa umoya, iqhwa, imvula, izinga lokushisa, ukuchayeka, nesenzo sokuzamazama komhlaba.

Isisekelo sekhodi kufanele simenyezelwe ngaphambi kokuqhathaniswa kwebhidi. Ngokuya ngendawo, izindinganiso ezivamile zihlanganisa i-AISC, ASCE/SEI 7, IBC, Eurocode, GB, AWS, RCSC, ASTM, noma okulinganayo kwendawo. Lapho i-LRFD yamukelwa khona, ukumelana nomklamo kufanele kudlule imiphumela yomthwalo efakelwe. Izinhlanganisela zomthwalo, izici zokumelana, imikhawulo yokusebenza kahle, nemithetho yokuhlola ekhethekile kufanele ivele kukhodi ebusayo.

Amasistimu wesakhiwo, amalungu, nokuxhumana

Amafreyimu ane-braced asebenza kahle ezakhiweni eziningi zezimboni ne-warehouse. Amafreyimu esikhashana agcina izakhiwo ezivulekile lapho ukubhula nge-diagonal kungamukeleki. Amafreyimu ephothali, amafreyimu aqinile, ama-trusses, imishayo eyinhlanganisela, ideski yensimbi, namasistimu ayingxube angangena ama-workshop, amaphrojekthi aphakeme, nezakhiwo ezihlala isikhathi eside.

Amalungu ensimbi ahlanganisa amalungu e-tension, amalungu okucindezela, imishayo, amakholomu e-beam, ama-trusses, amabhande, ama-purlins, ama-girts, amapulatifomu, izitebhisi, izitebhisi, nama-handrails. Insimbi yesibili isadinga ukuhlanganiswa ngoba ithinta ukufinyelela, umzila we-MEP, izimpawu zokuthumela, nomsebenzi wesayithi.

Izixhumanisi zidinga ukubuyekezwa kusenesikhathi. Izixhumanisi ezilula ezishiwo ngamabhawudi ngokuvamile ziyashesha ukumisa. Izixhumanisi zesikhashana zidlulisa ukugoba nokugunda, ngakho-ke zengeza amahora okukhiqiza, izilawuli zokufaneleka, nezinyathelo zokuhlola. I-Field welding ingase ixazulule izinkinga zejiyomethri, kodwa futhi ingase inyuse ingcuphe yesimo sezulu, ingcuphe yokufinyelela, kanye nezidingo zokuhlola ezingabhubhi.

I-Bolting, i-welding, kanye nokuxhumana kwe-BIM

• Izigaba zamabhawodi ezijwayelekile zifaka i-A307 yokusetshenziswa komsebenzi wokukhanya okulinganiselwe lapho kuvunyelwe khona, kanye ne-ASTM F3125 Grade A325 kanye namabhawodi anamandla aphezulu we-A490.

• Ukuhlola ukufakwa okuvamile kufaka phakathi i-turn-of-nut, i-wrench calibrated, ama-twist-off-tension-control bolt, namawasha ezinkomba eziqondile.

• Izinqubo zokushisela ezijwayelekile zifaka i-SMAW, i-FCAW, ne-GMAW/MIG, ngokuya ngenqubo yokufaneleka nezimo zesayithi.

• I-BIM kufanele ixhumanise insimbi nezisekelo, izinto ezishumekiwe, amabhawodi okusetshenzwa kulengwa, ama-cladding, amasistimu ophahla, okhreni, i-MEP, izitebhisi, amapulatifomu, nokuvikela umlilo.

• Ukubuyekezwa kwamamodeli kufanele kuxazulule ukungqubuzana, ukuminyana kokuxhumeka, amashisela angafinyeleleki, izingxabano zama-coating, kanye nokulandelana komkhumbi weloli neloli.

Amakhono Efekthri Yesakhiwo Sensimbi: Okufanele Uqinisekise Ngaphambi Komklomelo

Kungani amandla emboni ebalulekile

Ithimba lokuklama elinekhono alikwazi ukulungisa ngokugcwele ukulawulwa kokwenziwa okubuthakathaka. Umthamo wefekthri uthinta isikhathi sokuhola, ukungaguquguquki kobukhulu, ikhwalithi yokumboza, ukuhleleka kokupakisha, nokufaneleka kwesayithi. Izinqubo zasendlini nazo zishintsha ubungozi. Ukusika, ukubhoboza, ukugalela izinti, noma ukudweba okwenziwa ngaphandle kungasebenza, kodwa izibopho kanye nezindawo zokuhlola kufanele zibhalwe phansi.

Usonkontileka kufanele afakazele ukuthi isitolo singakwazi ukuphatha osayizi bamalungu adingekayo, ubukhulu bamapuleti, ukubekezelelwa kwezimbobo, isidingo sokushisela, izidingo ze-cambering, kanye nezidingo zokuhlanganisa isivivinyo. Ama-trusses ayinkimbinkimbi, ama-node asindayo, imishayo ye-crane, namaphakheji wokuthekelisa adinga ukuhlelwa kwezitolo okuqinile kunamakholomu alula namapulangwe.

Amakhono amancane okwenziwa okufanele ahlolwe

• Ukusika amapuleti nezigaba, ukusaha, ukubhoboza, ukubhoboza, ukubethela, ukufaka, ukuhlanganisa, nokushisela.

• Ukugoba kwe-hydraulic noma i-cambering lapho ukulawulwa kokuchezuka okusethiwe kuyadingeka.

• Ukuqhumisa, ukufaka i-primer, ukupenda, ukunamathela okungashi, kanye nokuxhumana okungakhethwa kukho kokwenza amalahle.

• Imishini ye-CNC kanye nokulandelela ukukhiqizwa kwedijithali kokuphindaphinda nokulawula uphawu.

• Ukulandelelwa kokubalulekile kwamabanga, izinombolo zokushisa, izitifiketi zokugaya, amarekhodi okushisela, namaqoqo okunamathela.

• Amandla okuhlanganisa isilingo sejiyomethri eyinkimbinkimbi noma ukuthunyelwa kwebanga elide.

• Amasistimu okupakisha afana nezindawo zokuma, i-oda lokuphakamisa, kanye nokulayisha kweloli noma iziqukathi.

Ukusebenza okujwayelekile kokukhiqiza kanye nesikhathi sokuhola

Ukugeleza kokwenziwa okujwayelekile kuqala ngokuthengwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo nokuqinisekiswa kwesitifiketi sokugaya. Ibe isihamba ngokusika, ukwenza imbobo, ukufaka, ukushisela i-tack, ukuhlola ubukhulu, ukushisela izitolo, ukuqondisa, ukuqondisa, ukugaya, ukugaya, ukuhlanganiswa kwesivivinyo lapho kudingeka khona, ukulungiswa kwendawo, ukugqoka, ukuhlolwa kokugcina, ukumaka, ukupakisha, nokuthunyelwa.

Amaphrojekthi amaningi wokwakha awela phakathi kwewindi lokwakhiwa kwamaviki angu-3 kuya kwangu-8. Ubude besikhathi sangempela buncike esivinini sokugunyazwa, ukusetshenziswa kwesitolo, ezishintshayo, isistimu yokumboza, imigqa yokufaka izinsimbi, ukutholakala kwesigaba esindayo, ukuthengwa kwebholithi enamandla amakhulu, kanye nokupakisha okuthunyelwa ngaphandle. Ukulandelana ngendawo yokumiswa kuwusizo kakhulu kunokuhlela ngamathani aphelele kuphela.

Imibuzo okufanele uyibuze ngaphambi komklomelo

• Angakanani umthamo we-tonnage wanyanga zonke, futhi ingakanani ukusetshenziswa kwamanje?

• Yiziphi izinqubo ezingaphakathi endlini, futhi yiziphi ezingaphansi kwenkontileka?

• Imaphi amamaki ensimbi, ubukhulu bepuleti, nosayizi bamalungu abangacubungula indawo?

• Agcinwa kanjani amarekhodi e-WPS/PQR, iziqu zokushisela, namalogi okulinganisa agcinwa kanjani?

• Ingabe ifekthri inganikeza izitifiketi zokugaya, amarekhodi okunamathela, imibiko yokuhlolwa, nohlu lokuthumela impahla?

• Ingabe ama-assemblies ayinkimbinkimbi angafakwa esivivinyweni ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa?

• I-nonconformities ibhalwa kanjani, ilungiswe, futhi ivalwe?

Indlela Ukwakhiwa Kwesakhiwo Sensimbi Okwenziwa Ngayo Esizeni

Ukuhlelwa kwangaphambi kokwakhiwa

Ukwakhiwa kwesayithi kuqala ngaphambi kokufika kwensimbi. Izisekelo kanye nama-anchor bolt kufanele ahlolwe ngokumelene nokubekezelelana okugunyaziwe. Usonkontileka kufanele aqinisekise imizila yokudonsa, indlela yokuthulula, indawo yokubeka phansi, ukukhetha kuka-crane, izifundo zokukhuphula, izindawo ezingafakwanga muntu, imikhawulo yomoya, ukulawula ukufinyelela, kanye nezinqubo zokuphakama komsebenzi.

Ukuhlela ukuzinza kwesikhashana kuyadingeka ngoba uhlaka olumiswe kancane kungenzeka lungakabi nawo amandla alo okugcina aseceleni. Isitatimende sendlela yokumiswa kufanele sichaze ukulandelana kwebhulokhi, izidingo zokufaka ibhawudi, imibandela yokukhululwa, izindawo zokubamba ukuhlolwa, nezinqubo eziphuthumayo.

Logistics kanye nezindlela zokumisa

Indlela	Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile	Ukukhathazeka kokuhlela
Ukumiswa kwesigaba	Amafreyimu anezitezi eziningi naphakeme aqhubekela phambili phansi	Izinto eziqondile, izindawo ze-splice, nokupakisha kokubekezelela
Ukumiswa kwesitayela se-Billboard	Amatheku anobude obugcwele athuthuke ngokulandelana	Ukufinyelela kwezohwebo ngemuva kwezindawo eziqediwe
Amakheshi e-modular noma ahlanganiswe ngaphambili	Amaphakheji ensimbi aphindaphindiwe lapho umthamo we-crane uvumela	Phakamisa isisindo, ukugoba, ukubopha izinyawo zesikhashana, nosayizi wezokuthutha
Ukumiswa okwakhiwe ngezinduku	Amasayithi avinjelwe, amalungu alula, noma amaphrojekthi amancane	Umsebenzi omude wasensimini kanye nokukhushulwa okwengeziwe komuntu ngamunye

Izindawo zokumisa kufanele zifane nokufinyelela ku-crane, imigwaqo yokufinyelela, indawo yokubeka, kanye nokulandelana kohwebo ngokulandelana. Ukuthumela ngendawo kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amalungu okuqala adilivwe angawokuqala adingekayo ukuze afakwe. Kumaphrojekthi afanelekile, indawo ingase imele amaloli amaningana, ngezinye izikhathi azungeze amaloli ayi-10 lapho isikali sephrojekthi sisekela khona.

Izindawo zokuhlola zenkundla kanye nezindaba eziqondene nephrojekthi

Ukuhlolwa kwenkundla kuhlanganisa indawo yebholithi yehange, iprojection, i-base plate fit-up, amapayipi amakholomu, ukuqondanisa kohlaka, amarekhodi okufakwa kwebholidi, izimo zokushisela insimu, izidingo zokushisa, kanye ne-NDT edingekayo. Ikholomu esebenzayo yamabhentshimakhi amapayipi angase ahlanganise ukuchezuka okuvundlile ngokuzungeza noma kususe iyintshi engu-1 noma ubude kuhlukaniswe ngo-500 lapho imvume esebenzayo nencazelo yephrojekthi.

Ishabhu kanye nezakhiwo zasefekthri zidinga ukunakwa okwengeziwe ekulungelelaniseni kwe-crane runway, amapulatifomu okucubungula, ukungena ophahleni, okokusebenza kokukhipha umoya, amapayipi amapayipi, kanye nokufinyelela emigqeni yokukhiqiza. Izinhlelo ezakhelwe kusengaphambili zincike ezisekelweni ezinembile, izinombolo zamamaki ezicacile, kanye nokupakishwa okuhlelekile. Umsebenzi osezingeni eliphezulu wengeza isiteji sasemadolobheni, ukulandelana kokuvikela umlilo, i-facade interface, ukuxhumanisa kwedekhi eyinhlanganisela, izilawuli zomoya, nokuvikelwa komphakathi.

Ukulawula Ikhwalithi, Ukuthobela, kanye Namazinga Okuhlola

Amazinga abalulekile nezindima zokuhlola

Usonkontileka othembekile kufanele akhombe izindinganiso ezilawula ukwakheka, ukuhlinzekwa kwempahla, ukubhowula, ukushisela, okokunamathela, ukumisa, nokwamukelwa. Izinkomba ezijwayelekile zifaka i-AISC 360, i-ASCE/SEI 7, i-AWS D1.1/D1.1M, izimfuneko ze-RCSC zamalunga aqine kakhulu amabhawodi, amazinga omkhiqizo we-ASTM, izinhlinzeko zokuhlola okukhethekile ze-IBC, i-OSHA noma imithetho yokuphepha yendawo, kanye nemithetho yendawo yomlilo noma yokuzamazama komhlaba.

Izindima zokuhlola kufanele ziqanjwe kusenesikhathi. Ukuhlolwa kwesitolo, ukuhlolwa kwenkundla, ukuhlolwa kokushisela, ukuhlolwa kwebholithi, ukuhlolwa kwe-coating, nokwamukelwa kokugcina kungase kuhilele abasebenzi bangaphakathi be-QC, abahloli bezinkampani zangaphandle, abamele abanikazi, noma abahloli abakhethekile abadingekayo. Ukuqinisekisa okufanelekile kungase kuhlanganise Umhloli Welding Oqinisekisiwe we-AWS, insimbi yesakhiwo se-ICC kanye ne-bolting noma izifakazelo zomhloli okhethekile wokushisela, noma okulinganayo kwasendaweni.

Izilawuli zekhwalithi yezitolo nezenkundla

Indawo yokulawula	Amadokhumenti noma amasheke azocelwa
Izinto zokwakha	Izitifiketi zokugaya, ukulandeleka kwenombolo yokushisa, ukuqinisekiswa kwebanga, nokwamukela amarekhodi okuhlola
Ukulawula ubukhulu	Amasheke okulinganisa, usayizi wembobo, isikhala, ibanga lomphetho, ukuqondanisa, namarekhodi omhlangano wesilingo
Ukushisela	Amarekhodi e-WPS/PQR, iziqu zokushisela, ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo, kanye nemibiko ecacisiwe ye-UT, MT, PT, noma RT
I-Bolting	Izitifiketi ze-bolt, indlela yokufaka, ukuqinisekiswa kwe-tension, nezindawo zokubamba zokuhlola
Izembatho	Iphrofayili engaphezulu, ukuhlanzeka, ukujiya kwefilimu eyomile, ukuphulukiswa, ukunamathela, nokulungisa amarekhodi
Ukumiswa kwenkundla	Izinhlolovo ze-anchor, ukuhlola ukumilisa, amarekhodi okuqondanisa, ukulungisa okuthintwayo, nokuvalwa kohlu lwepunch

Ukuvikela umlilo, ukuvikela ukugqwala, namafulegi abomvu

Isilinganiso somlilo kanye nokuchayeka kokugqwala kufanele kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwentengo nokukhishwa kokwenziwa. Izembatho ze-intumescent, izinto zokuvikela usimende zikasimende, amasistimu ebhodi, i-encasement, ama-galvanizing, nezinhlelo zopende zinezidingo ezihlukene zokuhlola, ukukhanda, ukubukeka, nokuhambisana. I-Primer, topcoat, galvanizing, kanye nezingqimba zokuvikela umlilo kufanele zihlolwe njengohlelo oluphelele.

• Alukho uhlelo olubhaliwe lokuhlola nokuhlola, amarekhodi e-WPS/PQR, noma i-matrix yokuhlola.

• Izimpendulo ezingacacile endleleni yokubhowula, ukuhlolwa kwe-weld, ukubekezelela, noma ukulungiswa kwenkundla.

• Akukho ukulandeleka okuphathekayo, amarekhodi emishini elinganisiwe, noma ubufakazi obufanelekile be-welder.

• Ukukhishwa kwebhidi ye-NDT, ukulungisa ukunamathela, ukuxhumanisa ukuvikela umlilo, noma ukuhlolwa okukhethekile.

• Ukuthembela njalo ekulungisweni kwesayithi ngamaphutha agwemeka ezitolo.

Izindleko Zokwakhiwa Kwesakhiwo Sensimbi: Abashayeli be-TCO kanye ne-ROI

Yini empeleni eshayela izindleko

Izindleko eziphelele ziqhutshwa izinga lensimbi, ithoni, ukutholakala kwesigaba, intengo yemakethe, ubude besikhathi, isikhala se-bay, ukuphakama okucacile, isistimu ehlangothini, ukuminyana koxhumo, okokunamathela, ukuvikela umlilo, inkimbinkimbi yokwenziwa, imikhawulo yezokuthutha, isikhathi se-crane, izilawuli zokuphepha, ukuhlolwa, nezindawo zohwebo. Umoya wendawo, iqhwa, i-seismic, crane, okokusebenza, kanye nezimfuneko zokusevisa zingashintsha kakhulu osayizi bamalungu kanye nesidingo sokuxhuma.

Intengo ephansi kakhulu ngethani ngalinye ingadukisa. Isilinganiso esiphansi singase singabandakanyi ukuphindaphinda okunemininingwane, izinsiza zokumisa, izibonelelo ezingokoqobo zokushisela, i-NDT, ukuhlolwa okukhethekile, ukupenda kokuthinta, ukuxhumanisa ukuvikela umlilo, noma ukupakishwa ngokulandelana kokumiswa. I-Lower tonnage ayihlali ishibhile uma idinga ama-node ayinkimbinkimbi, i-welding esindayo, ama-lifts anzima, noma izindawo zokuhlola ezingafinyeleleki.

Abashayeli be-ROI ababalulekile kubanikazi

• Ukukhiqizwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi noma ukuhlala ngoba ukumisa kungashesha kunomsebenzi osindayo.

• Kuncishiswe umthamo wesisekelo lapho uzimele olula kwehlisa ukusabela.

• Ukunwetshwa okuzayo ngokusebenzisa amatheku angeziwe, ama-mezzanines, izisekelo zemishini, noma ukuvuleka okulungisiwe.

• Ukuphazamiseka okuphansi phakathi nezinguquko zomugqa wokukhiqiza noma ukulungiswa kabusha kwesakhiwo.

• Ukuncishiswa komsebenzi wesayithi ezinhlelweni eziphindaphindwayo ezakhelwe ngaphambili lapho imininingwane kanye nokusetshenziswa kulawulwa.

• Ukusebenziseka kabusha, inani lokusindisa, noma amandla okuphinda asetshenziswe lapho ukuhlela umjikelezo wempilo kukusekela.

Izindleko zokuhwebelana ngohlobo lwephrojekthi

Uhlobo lwephrojekthi	Inani elingaba khona	Ubungozi bezindleko ngentengo ngokweqiniso
Uhlaka lwensimbi oluphakeme kakhulu	Ukumiswa okusheshayo, ukwakheka okulula, nokuziphatha okuhle kokuzamazama komhlaba	Ukuvalwa komlilo, ubunkimbinkimbi bokuxhumana, ukuhlolwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwedolobha
Isakhiwo sezimboni esenziwe ngaphambili	Ukusebenza endaweni ephansi nokuhlanganisa ngokushesha	Ukuxhumana okuphezulu okuphezulu kanye nokubekezelelana kwesisekelo okuqinile
Indawo yokusebenzela	Izikhala ezicacile ezisebenza kahle kanye nokuguquguquka kokukhiqiza kwesikhathi esizayo	Imishayo ye-crane, imithwalo yenqubo, ukungena komoya, namapulatifomu
Ukwakhiwa kwefekthri	Ukuguquguquka kokusebenza namandla okunweba	Ukulayishwa kwezisetshenziswa, ukuchayeka kokugqwala, izinto ezishumekiwe, nokufinyelela komugqa
I-Hybrid steel-concrete system	Ukuqina okulinganiselwe, isivinini, ukumelana nomlilo, kanye nezindleko	Ukuphathwa kwe-interface phakathi kohwebo nezinhlelo zesakhiwo

Uhlaka lokuqhathanisa lamabhidi

• Yenza amabhidi abejwayelekile ngokwesisekelo sokuklama, ukuqagela kwekhodi, imithwalo, imikhawulo yokuchezuka, isilinganiso somlilo, nesigaba sokugqwala.

• Qinisekisa izinga lensimbi, ama-coatings, ama-galvanizing, ukuvikela umlilo, ideski yensimbi, izigxobo zokugunda, izitebhisi, ama-handrails, imishayo ye-crane, nensimbi yesibili.

• Hlukanisa imigomo yokwenyuka kwempahla kusukela kubasebenzi bokwenziwa, abasebenzi bokumisa, ezokuthutha, namanani entengo ka-crane.

• Cela okucatshangwayo, okungafakwanga, ukushintshana, amanani amayunithi, nemithetho ye-oda yokushintsha.

• Hlanganisa inkokhelo kuzinyathelo ezibalulekile ezilinganisekayo njengokugunyazwa kwedizayini, ukuthengwa kwempahla, ukwenziwa, ukuthunyelwa, ukuqhubeka kokumiswa, ukwamukelwa kokuhlolwa, kanye nokunikezwa.

Izingozi Zokusebenzisa Nokufakwa Kuhlu Okufingqiwe Kosonkontileka

Izingozi zokuqalisa eziyinhloko

Izingozi zobuchwepheshe zihlanganisa idatha yokulayisha engaphelele, ukungaqondi kahle kwebhawodi lehange, ukungqubuzana koxhumo, izinqumo zesu lomlilo sekwephuzile, izinkinga zokudlidliza ezingaxazululiwe, amaphutha okuchayeka kokugqwala, kanye nokushayisana kwe-MEP okutholwe ngemva kokwenziwa. Izingozi zenkundla zihlanganisa ukufinyelela okungafanele kwe-crane, ukuhlela okungalungile, ukubambezeleka kwesimo sezulu, ukushisela kwenkundla okunzima, izikhala zokuzinza kwesikhashana, nokuhlolwa okungekho.

Izingozi zezentengiselwano zihlanganisa ukuntengantenga kwentengo yensimbi, ukushoda kwezikhala zokwenziwa, ukubambezeleka kwezimvume, izinguquko zabanikazi ngemva kokugunyazwa kwesitolo, izithiyo zokumboza, ukubambezeleka kwempahla, imikhawulo yezokuthutha emikhulu, namashejuli angelona iqiniso angawanaki ama-RFI, izindawo zokuhlola, kanye nesikhathi sokuncipha kwesimo sezulu.

Ukunciphisa ubungozi kanye nokubusa ngemva kokuklonyeliswa

• Idinga imemorandamu yesisekelo somklamo egunyaziwe kanye ne-matrix yesibopho esibhaliwe.

• Setha ukubuyekezwa kokushayisana kwe-BIM, ukubuyekezwa kokuxhumeka, kanye nezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokugunyaza umdwebo wesitolo.

• Gcina irejista yokuthenga yezingxenye ezisindayo, amapuleti angokwezifiso, amabhawudi, okokunamathela, kanye nedekhi.

• Qedela uhlolo lwebholithi yehange ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kwensimbi.

• Gunyaza ukuhlolwa kwefekthri nesizinda kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlola ezinamaphoyinti ofakazi.

• Qinisekisa izitatimende zendlela yokumiswa, izifundo zokuphakamisa, ukubopha izinyawo kwesikhashana, nezinhlelo zokuphepha.

• Landelela ama-RFI, okuthunyelwe, ama-NCR, ukuthunyelwa, ukuqhubeka kokumiswa, ukuhlolwa, kanye nokuvala ngedeshibhodi eyabiwe.

I-Technical, QA, kanye nenqubo yokuhlola yezohwebo

Ukufakwa ohlwini olufushane kufanele kuqale ngobufakazi obufanele bephothifoliyo. Usonkontileka kufanele abonise isipiliyoni ngohlobo olufanayo lwesakhiwo, ububanzi be-span, amathani, isisekelo sekhodi, isigaba somoya noma sokuzamazama komhlaba, ukuchayeka kokugqwala, ukulayishwa kwe-crane, nezimo zokuthutha. Ukujula kobunjiniyela kubalulekile ngoba izibalo, idizayini yokuxhuma, imininingwane, ukuxhumana kwe-BIM, nokujwayela kwekhodi kuthinta ngokuqondile ukwenziwa kanye nengozi yokumiswa.

Amandla efekthri kufanele aqinisekiswe ngedatha yamandla, izinhlu zemishini, amarekhodi ekhwalithi, izibonelo zokuhlanganisa izivivinyo, amasistimu wokumboza, nezinqubo zokulandeleka. Amandla esayithi kufanele aqinisekiswe ngezifundo zokukhushulwa, izinhlelo zokulandelanisa, imisebenzi yesikhashana, ukulawula ukubekezelelana, irekhodi lokuphepha, nokuxhumana kokuhlola.

Ukubuyekezwa kwezohwebo kufanele kuhlole ukuphelela kobubanzi, okungafakwanga, izilinganiso zokukhokha, ukuba semthethweni kwentengo yensimbi, izigaba zokwenyuka, imigomo yesiqinisekiso, impendulo engalungile, nosekelo lwangemva kokunikezelwa. Ibhidi ephelele kufanele ihlanganise izibalo, imidwebo yezitolo, imidwebo yokumiswa, izitifiketi zokugaya, ama-WPS/PQRs, iziqu zokushisela, imibiko ye-NDT, amarekhodi okunamathela, ukuvalwa kwe-NCR, nezincomo zokulungisa.

Uhlu lokuhlola izinqumo zomthengi

• Ububanzi bobunjiniyela, isisekelo sekhodi, isibopho sokuxhuma, imininingwane, nokuxhumana kwe-BIM kuyachazwa.

• Umoya, iqhwa, ukuzamazama komhlaba, okokusebenza, ukhreyini, uphahla, iphansi, kanye nezidingo zokusebenziseka kufriziwe.

• Izingubo zokumboza, okokufaka uthayela, ukuvikela umlilo, ukuhlolwa, imisebenzi yesikhashana, ukulethwa, ukuthulula, nokumiswa kufakiwe noma kukhishwe ngokusobala.

• Ukubekezelelwa kwesisekelo, izidingo zebhawodi lehange, izixhumanisi zokuvala, ukungena kwe-MEP, nokuvuleka kophahla kuyadidiyelwa.

• Umthamo wefekthri, isikhathi sokuhola sokwenziwa, ukulandelana kokuthunyelwa, kanye nezinombolo zamamaki kuyaqinisekiswa.

• Isamba sezindleko ezifakiwe siqhathaniswa esikhundleni sentengo yensimbi yethani iyodwa.

Isiphetho

Inkontileka evamile yesakhiwo sensimbi idala inani lapho isivinini, ukusebenza kahle kwe-span, ukusebenza kokuzamazama komhlaba, kanye nendaba yokuguquguquka kwesikhathi esizayo. Abanikazi bephrojekthi kufanele baqhubekele phambili kuphela lapho usonkontileka ekwazi ukufakazela ubunjiniyela obuziphendulela, ukwakhiwa okulandelekayo, ukuhlela okungokoqobo kokumiswa, kanye nokuhlola okusekelwe kumazinga.

• Friza isisekelo sokuklama, indlela yokulayisha, ukuqagela kwekhodi, isilinganiso somlilo, nesigaba sokugqwala.

• Khipha i-RFQ ejwayelekile ene-matrix yemfanelo kanye neshejuli ecacile yokungafakwa.

• Hlola ifekthri futhi ubuyekeze izibalo zesampula, imidwebo yezitolo, amarekhodi e-QA, nemibhalo yokumboza.

• Qinisekisa isikhathi sokuhola sokwenziwa, ukulandelana kokuthunyelwa, uhlelo lwe-crane, nesitatimende sendlela yokumiswa.

• Umklomelo osuselwe kunani elifakiwe elishintshwe ubungozi, hhayi ithoni yesihloko noma inani lethani ngalinye.

FAQ

Q: Yini efakiwe ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo sensimbi ngaphansi kobubanzi benkontileka evamile?

IMP: Ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ukuhlanganisa idizayini, ukwesekwa kokuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo, imininingwane, ukuthengwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukwakhiwa, ukuhlelwa kwezinto, ukumiswa, ukwesekwa kokuhlola, namarekhodi okunikezela. Izisekelo, ukuvala, i-MEP, ukuvikela umlilo, ama-cranes, noma ama-galvanizing kungase kwehluke ngaphandle kwalapho inkontileka izifaka khona. I-matrix yemfanelo ebhaliwe kufanele ichaze zonke izixhumi ezibonakalayo.

Umbuzo: Ingabe ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi ishibhile kunokhonkolo?

A: Hhayi njalo. Insimbi ivame ukushesha futhi ibe lula, okunganciphisa izisekelo kanye nokusebenza kwesayithi. Izindleko zokugcina zincike esilinganisweni, isilinganiso somlilo, ukuchayeka kokugqwala, amanani endawo, ububanzi bokuhlola, nobunkimbinkimbi bokumiswa. Ukuqhathanisa okulungile yisamba sezindleko ezifakiwe, inani leshejuli, ukunakekelwa komjikelezo wokuphila, kanye nokuguquguquka kokukhula kwesikhathi esizayo.

Umbuzo: Iphrojekthi yesakhiwo sensimbi ngokuvamile ithatha isikhathi esingakanani?

IMP: Isikhathi sincike ekuvunyweni kwesakhiwo, umthamo wezitshalo, ubunkimbinkimbi bokwenziwa, ububanzi bokuhlanganisa, ibanga lokuthumela, kanye nendlela yokumiswa. Ukwenziwa kwamaphakheji amaningi okwakha ajwayelekile kungase kwehle phakathi namaviki ama-3 kuye kwayi-8. Izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi zingathatha isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke ishejuli egcwele yokuklama ukuya ekunikezeni kufanele ilawule ukuhlela.

Q: Yiziphi izindinganiso okufanele usonkontileka wobunjiniyela besakhiwo sensimbi azilandele?

IMP: Izindinganiso ezibusayo zincike endaweni ethile. Izinkomba ezijwayelekile zifaka i-AISC, i-ASCE/SEI 7, i-AWS D1.1, i-RCSC, i-ASTM, i-IBC, i-OSHA, nesakhiwo sendawo, umlilo, i-seismic, i-coating, namakhodi okuphepha. Ababhidayo kufanele basho ukuthi yiziphi izindinganiso ezilawula ukuklama, ukushisela, ukubhawulisa, ukumiswa, ukuhlolwa, nokwamukelwa.

Q: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwemboni yesakhiwo sensimbi kanye nephrojekthi yeshabhu yesakhiwo sensimbi?

IMP: Imboni yesakhiwo sensimbi ingase isho indawo yokwakha ekhiqiza amalungu ensimbi. Ishabhu yesakhiwo sensimbi ngokuvamile isho isakhiwo sezimboni esisetshenziswa ekugcineni sokukhiqiza, ukulungisa, ukuhlanganisa, noma ukukhiqiza. Ukuhlolwa kosonkontileka kufanele kuhlole amandla okwenza izitolo kanye nolwazi lwephrojekthi ngezakhiwo zokusebenzela eziqediwe.

Q: Kunini lapho isakhiwo sensimbi esenziwe ngaphambili siyindlela engcono kakhulu?

IMP: Ngokuvamile kuba ngcono uma isivinini, ukuphindaphinda, kanye nomsebenzi ophansi wesayithi kubalulekile. Ilingana namatheku ajwayelekile, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla, ama-workshops, izikhungo zezokuthutha, nezinhlelo zokunwetshwa. Kudinga futhi izisekelo ezinembile, imidwebo yezitolo edidiyelwe, izinombolo zamamaki ezihlelekile, nokulandelana kokuthumela okufaniswa nezindawo zokumiswa.

Q: Yiziphi izingozi ezinkulu ekwakhiweni kohlaka lwensimbi oluphakeme kakhulu?

IMP: Izingozi eziyinhloko zifaka inkimbinkimbi yokuxhuma, ukunqwabelana kokubekezelelana, ukuxhumanisa ukuvikela umlilo, isiteji sasemadolobheni, ukuhlelwa kwe-crane, ukuzinza kwesikhashana, nokuvikelwa komphakathi. Ziyakwazi ukulawulwa lapho ukuhlanganiswa kwe-BIM, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yefekthri, ukuhlolwa okukhethekile, ukuhlela i-lift, nokulandelana kohwebo oluningi kuqedwa ngaphambi kokuba ukumiswa kwenkundla kusheshiswe.