Long-span steel structures are widely applied in large-scale public buildings and industrial workshops. Predominantly subjected to dead load from self-weight, steel structures serve as the optimal main structural system to effectively reduce dead load.
I. Structural Drawing Design of Steel Structures
Priority shall be given to the cooperative performance of superstructure and substructure, with seismic effects in multiple directions taken into account. Calculating seismic loads via an integral structural model is the most rational approach to reflect superstructure-substructure interaction. Simplification of the substructure shall comply with reliable dynamic principles by verifying the effectiveness after equivalent conversion of stiffness and mass.
Design models shall be established and analyzed with specialized calculation software. During modeling, the computational model shall be reasonably defined to ensure connections between roof systems and primary supports match actual structural detailing. Stress analysis is another key consideration: apart from simulating the mechanical state of the fully assembled finished structure, unique load conditions throughout construction shall also be evaluated to prevent premature local failure caused by excessive stress before full structural completion. Construction-stage simulation covers component hoisting, load cases at different construction phases, pre-cambering technique for structural members, pre-assembly of steel components and load removal procedures.
II. Structural Layout of Steel Structures
Structural layout shall avoid localized stiffness reduction or abrupt geometric changes that create vulnerable zones prone to concentrated internal force and excessive deformation. Reinforcement shall be implemented for potential weak locations to upgrade seismic resistance. Accordingly, structural layout requires balanced distribution of mass and stiffness, integral structural integrity and unambiguous load transfer paths.
Seismic loads imposed on roof systems shall be efficiently transmitted downward through supporting bearings. Uniform and symmetrical layout of roof decks, supports and substructures is recommended to avoid concentrated roof internal force and prominent torsional responses. Spatial load-bearing systems are prioritized to enhance roof integrity and eliminate structurally deficient sections from abrupt dimension or stiffness variations. Lightweight roofing assemblies are preferred with strict control on unit dead load of roof enclosure systems.
